Problems in Extrapolation of Animal Data to Humans

1983 ◽  
pp. 289-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary F. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Animal Data

scholarly journals Animal, Body, Data: Starling Murmurations and the Dynamic of Becoming In-formation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1357034X2199284
Author(s):  
Mickey Vallee
Keyword(s):  
Data Modelling ◽  
Animal Body ◽  
Topological Relationships ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Natural Scientists ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Affective Relations

The aim of this article is to demonstrate that data modelling is becoming a crucial, if not dominant, vector for our understanding of animal populations and is consequential for how we study the affective relations between individual bodies and the communities to which they belong. It takes up the relationship between animal, body and data, following the datafication of starling murmurations, to explore the topological relationships between nature, culture and science. The case study thus embodies a data journey, invoking the tactics claimed by social or natural scientists, who generated recent discoveries in starling murmurations, including their topological expansions and contractions. The article concludes with thoughts and suggestions for further research on animal/data entanglement, and threads the concept of databodiment throughout, as a necessary dynamic for the formation and maintenance of communities.

scholarly journals Prediction of Total Drug Clearance in Humans Using Animal Data: Proposal of a Multimodal Learning Method Based on Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Iwata ◽  
Tatsuru Matsuo ◽  
Hideaki Mamada ◽  
Takahisa Motomura ◽  
Mayumi Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Drug Clearance ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Multimodal Learning ◽  
Total Drug ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Total Drug Clearance

scholarly journals The thalamus and tinnitus: Bridging the gap between animal data and findings in humans

2021 ◽  
pp. 108280
Author(s):  
Elouise A. Koops ◽  
Jos J. Eggermont
Keyword(s):  
Animal Data

scholarly journals Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Review of Current Clinical Outcomes, Mechanism of Action and Opportunities for Synergistic Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1609
Author(s):  
Zainab L. Rai ◽  
Roger Feakins ◽  
Laura J. Pallett ◽  
Derek Manas ◽  
Brian R. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Irreversible Electroporation ◽  
Advanced Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Standard Of Care Treatment ◽  
Apoptosis And Necrosis

Locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) accounts for 30% of patients with pancreatic cancer. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel cancer treatment that may improve survival and quality of life in LAPC. This narrative review will provide a perspective on the clinical experience of pancreas IRE therapy, explore the evidence for the mode of action, assess treatment complications, and propose strategies for augmenting IRE response. A systematic search was performed using PubMed regarding the clinical use and safety profile of IRE on pancreatic cancer, post-IRE sequential histological changes, associated immune response, and synergistic therapies. Animal data demonstrate that IRE induces both apoptosis and necrosis followed by fibrosis. Major complications may result from IRE; procedure related mortality is up to 2%, with an average morbidity as high as 36%. Nevertheless, prospective and retrospective studies suggest that IRE treatment may increase median overall survival of LAPC to as much as 30 months and provide preliminary data justifying the well-designed trials currently underway, comparing IRE to the standard of care treatment. The mechanism of action of IRE remains unknown, and there is a lack of data on treatment variables and efficiency in humans. There is emerging data suggesting that IRE can be augmented with synergistic therapies such as immunotherapy.

Ototoxicity of trichloroethylene in concentrations relevant for the working environment

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Vyskocil ◽  
T Leroux ◽  
G Truchon ◽  
F Lemay ◽  
F Gagnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
Permissible Exposure Limits

Organic solvents can cause hearing loss themselves or promote noise-induced hearing loss. The objective of this study was to review the literature on the effects of low-level exposure to trichloroethylene on the auditory system and consider its relevance for the occupational settings. Both human and animal investigations were evaluated only for realistic exposure concentrations based on the Quebec permissible exposure limits: 50 ppm 8-h time-weighed average exposure value (TWAEV) and 200 ppm short-term exposure value (STEV). In humans, the upper limit for considering ototoxicity data relevant to the occupational exposure situation was set at the STEV. Animal data were evaluated only for exposure concentrations up to 100 times the TWAEV. There is no convincing evidence of trichloroethylene-induced hearing losses in workers. In rats, trichloroethylene affects the auditory function mainly in the cochlear mid- to high-frequency range with a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 2000 ppm. No studies on ototoxic interaction after combined exposure to noise and trichloroethylene were identified in humans. In rats, supra-additive interaction was reported. Further studies with sufficient data on the trichloroethylene exposure of workers are necessary to make a definitive conclusion. In the interim, we recommend considering trichloroethylene as an ototoxic agent.

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