Interconnected Challenges and New Perspectives in Applied Mathematical and Computational Sciences

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Roderick V. N. Melnik ◽  
Ilias S. Kotsireas
Keyword(s):  
Computational Sciences

Repositioning Drugs for Rare Immune Diseases: Hopes and Challenges for a Precision Medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 2764-2782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Valencic ◽  
Alenka Smid ◽  
Ziga Jakopin ◽  
Alberto Tommasini ◽  
Irena Mlinaric-Rascan
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Drug Repositioning ◽  
Drug Action ◽  
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases ◽  
Computational Sciences ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Molecular Mode ◽  
Viable Business

Human primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are a large group of rare diseases and are characterized by a great genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. A large subset of PIDs is genetically defined, which has a crucial impact for the understanding of the molecular basis of disease and the development of precision medicine. <p> Discovery and development of new therapies for rare diseases has long been de-privileged due to the length and cost of the processes involved. Interest has increased due to stimulatory regulatory and supportive reimbursement environments enabling viable business models. <p> Advancements in biomedical and computational sciences enable the development of rational, designed approaches for identification of novel indications of already approved drugs allowing faster delivery of new medicines. Drug repositioning is based either on clinical analogies of diseases or on understanding of the molecular mode of drug action and mechanisms of the disease. All of these are the basis for the development of precision medicine.

scholarly journals Acute electronic vapour product whole aerosol exposure of 3D human bronchial tissue results in minimal cellular and transcriptomic responses when compared to cigarette smoke

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239784732098849
Author(s):  
Gary Phillips ◽  
Lukasz Czekala ◽  
Holger P Behrsing ◽  
Khalid Amin ◽  
Jessica Budde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Aerosol Exposure ◽  
Cell Culture Systems ◽  
Computational Sciences ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Reduced Toxicity

The use of electronic vapour products (EVPs) continues to increase worldwide and with advances in cell culture systems, molecular biology and the computational sciences there is also accumulating evidence of their potential reduced toxicity and reduced potential harm when compared to cigarette smoke. To further understand the potential risks and health effects associated with exposure to EVP aerosols we have assessed the cellular and transcriptomic response from a commercially available lung tissue culture system (MucilAirTM) following a single sub-cytotoxic exposure to cigarette smoke and the equivalent nicotine delivered dose of EVP aerosol. The transcriptomic, cellular (cilia beat frequency (CBF) and percent active area (%AA), trans epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), histology) and cytokine release were assessed at 4- and 48- hours following recovery from air, EVP aerosol (8.4% V/V: mybluTM blueberry flavour, 2.4% nicotine) and 3R4F smoke (3.5% V/V: exposure). No pathological changes were observed at either recovery time point from any exposure. Air and EVP aerosol exposure had no effect on CBF, %AA nor TEER at 48 hours. Exposure to cigarette smoke resulted in a decrease in TEER, an increase in CBF and the release of proinflammatory cytokines at both recovery time points. Although the number of significantly expressed genes was minimal following exposure to EVP aerosol, exposure to 3R4F smoke resulted in a significant upregulation of several disease relevant pathways. These data provide evidence that following an acute exposure to EVP aerosol there is significantly less damage to lung cells in culture than the equivalent, nicotine based, dose of cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals Medical Imaging Informatics: Towards a Personalized Computational Patient

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S8-S9 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ayache
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Imaging Informatics ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Computational Sciences ◽  
Medical Imaging Informatics

SummaryMedical Imaging Informatics has become a fast evolving discipline at the crossing of Informatics, Computational Sciences, and Medicine that is profoundly changing medical practices, for the patients’ benefit.

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