The Slow Action Potential and Properties of the Myocardial Slow Channels

1984 ◽  
pp. 159-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Sperelakis
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Slow Action Potential

Action of ionophore A23187 on the force of contraction and slow action potential of guinea pig papillary muscle

1981 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 644-647
Author(s):  
L. V. Rozenshtraukh ◽  
V. V. Nesterenko ◽  
K. Yu. Bogdanov ◽  
S. I. Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Papillary Muscle ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Force Of Contraction ◽  
Slow Action Potential

scholarly journals Axonal ER Ca2+ Release Enhances Miniature, but Reduces Activity-Dependent Glutamate Release in a Huntington Disease Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Mackay ◽  
Amy I. Smith-Dijak ◽  
Ellen T. Koch ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Evan Fung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Neurotransmitter Release ◽  
Glutamate Release ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Spontaneous Release ◽  
Synaptic Event ◽  
Chemical Synapses ◽  
Activity Dependent ◽  
Slow Action Potential

AbstractAction potential-independent (miniature) neurotransmission occurs at all chemical synapses, but remains poorly understood, particularly in pathological contexts. Spontaneous release of Ca2+ from the axonal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is thought to facilitated miniature neurotransmission, and aberrant ER Ca2+ handling is notably implicated in the progression of Huntington’s disease (HD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we report elevated glutamate-mediated miniature synaptic event frequencies in YAC128 (HD-model) cortical neurons, which pharmacological experiments suggest is mediated by enhanced spontaneous ER Ca2+ release. Calcium imaging using an axon-localized sensor revealed slow action potential (AP)-independent axonal Ca2+ waves, which were more common in YAC128 cortical neurons. Conversely, spontaneous axonal ER Ca2+ release was associated with reduced AP-dependent axonal Ca2+ events and consequent glutamate release. Together, our results suggest spontaneous release of axonal ER Ca2+ stores oppositely regulates activity-dependent and -independent neurotransmitter release in HD, with potential implications for the fidelity and plasticity of cortical excitatory signaling.

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