A detailed ultrastructural morphology of antigen-antibody reactions using monoclonal antibodies is very valuable, not only for accurate diagnosis, but also for the understanding of the character of malignant lymphomas. This is a report of ultrastructural immuno-histochemical analysis of T-cell lymphomas, with special reference to Japanese T-cell lymphomas (ATL).Biopsy specimens of lymph nodes from 30 patients with T-cell lymphomas, (including 20 patients with ATL) were used. Frozen sections of 10 u thickness were cut from specimens fixed in periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde. The available antibodies were, OKT 3/Leu 4, OKT 4/Leu 3a, OKT 8, Tac, and FTF 148. The sections were placed on slides, and overlayed with appropriate diluted monoclonal antibodies and incubated for 2 hours. Then they were incubated with biotinylated horse anti-IgG for 2 hours, and in both an avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex and a peroxidase mouse anti-peroxidase complex for 2 hours. They were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde, then incubated with DAB hydrogen peroxide, and postfixed in 2% OsO4. The specimens were embedded in inverted gelatin capsules and cut with a diamond knife.