Urogenital tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which evokes a granulomatous tissue reaction leading to caseous necrosis, fibrosis, and eventual calcification. It most commonly presents as cystitis with sterile pyuria but can show many other symptoms and signs requiring a high index of suspicion to make the diagnosis. Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia) affecting the urinary tract is caused by the flatworm Schistosoma haematobium. Humans are infested by contact with fresh water harbouring the intermediate snail host. Echinococcosis (hydatid disease), is caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosis or multilocularis. Human infection results from close contact with the parasite host (usually dogs and sheep). Filariasis, caused by the roundworm Wuchereria bancrofti, is transmitted by mosquito bite
RECENT STATE OF UROGENITAL TUBERCULOSIS IN NIIGATA PREFECTURE
