wuchereria bancrofti
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

810
(FIVE YEARS 120)

H-INDEX

43
(FIVE YEARS 4)

Author(s):  
Sacha Horn ◽  
Manuel Ritter ◽  
Kathrin Arndts ◽  
Dennis Borrero-Wolff ◽  
Anna Wiszniewsky ◽  
...  

Worldwide, more than 200 million people are infected with filariae which can cause severe symptoms leading to reduced quality of life and contribute to disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). In particular, lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by Wuchereria bancrofti can lead to lymphedema (LE) and consequently presents a serious health problem. To understand why only a fraction of the infected individuals develop pathology, it is essential to understand how filariae regulate host immunity. The central role of T cells for immunity against filariae has been shown in several studies. However, there is little knowledge about T cell exhaustion, which causes T cell dysfunction and impaired immune responses, in this group of individuals. Recently, we showed that LE patients from Ghana harbor distinct patterns of exhausted effector and memory CD8+ T cell subsets. Based on these findings, we now characterized CD4+ T cell subsets from the same Ghanaian patient cohort by analyzing distinct markers within a 13-colour flow cytometry panel. We revealed that LE patients had increased frequencies of CD4+ T cells expressing exhaustion-associated receptors such as KLRG-1, TIM-3 and PD-1 compared to healthy endemic normal and W. bancrofti-infected individuals. Moreover, CD4+ T cells in LE patients were characterized by distinct co-expression patterns of inhibitory receptors. Collectively with the previous findings on CD8+ T cell exhaustion patterns, the data shown here demonstrates that filarial LE patients harbor distinct subsets of exhausted T cells. Thus, T cell exhaustion patterns in LE patients need attention especially in regards to susceptibility of concomitant infections and should be taken into consideration for LE management measures.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
pp. 259-262
Author(s):  
Patrícia Aparecida Mançano Cavalca ◽  
Cintia Miranda dos Santos ◽  
Bruno Reis ◽  
Carlos Moacir Bonato

Introduction: Culex is an insect of the family Culicidae. It occurs in tropical and subtropical regions. It is known as the domestic mosquito. Their larvae develop in stagnant and dirty water, with plenty of organic matter. Some species of the insect such as Culex quinquefasciatus transmit the worms (helminths) called Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis or Elephantiasis. Aims: Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of isotherapic of Culex on the biological cycle of this insect. Material and Method: The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Homeopathy at the State University of Maringa in the period from March 26 to December 31, 2007. Fifteen larvae of Culex sp. the same stage of development (Stage I) were used in the experiment with Isopathy of Culex sp. Was added 200 microliters of the dilutions of isotherapic 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 and 30cH in each flask containing 30 mL of water and 15 larvae of Culex sp. The control consisted of 30 mL of water and 200 mL of 5% alcohol. The flasks were covered by tissue "toule"-type to prevent the dispersal of adult insects. The dilutions were produced according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (1987) [1]. Were determined: average number of larvae, pupae and mosquitoes during the cycle of the insect. Results and Discussion: The presence of Culex isotherapic in the growth solution presented complex responses. Some dilution caused positive responses (3, 6, 9, 12 and 18cH) in the average number of larvae (Figure 1). Dilution 18cH apparently caused a protective effect, and somehow minimized the negative influence of the environment, or protect the larvae from unfavorable abiotic conditions. Dilutions 6, 18 and 24 cH, instead, caused adverse effect on larval and pupa survival, but positive when we consider the objective of this work. There is an interesting phenomenon when evaluating the biological responses in living according to the dilution used. The alternation of rises and falls in the physiological variables as a function of dilution were observed by several authors [2-5]. It behavior is not explained by science, but it is believed to be related to the rhythmic nature movement [6,7] and also with the law of similarity occurring between dilution and the organism that receives it. Thus, the physiological function of the dilutions in the same drug are often cyclical and not linear. Conclusion: The results of this experiment suggest that some dilution may be used in studies to control the mosquito Culex sp.


Author(s):  
J. Vijay ◽  
N. Anuradha ◽  
Viknesh Prabhu ◽  
Patel Harshvardhan Anilbhai

Lymphatic filariasis is a parasitic infection caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori.Asymptomatic microfilaria, acute lymphatic filariasis, chronic lymphatic filariasis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia are the different presentations of lymphatic filariasis. Systemic manifestation can involve joint, kidney, heart and nerve. This article is a case report of lymphatic filariasis with a rare presentation of anasarca and nephritic syndrome.


Author(s):  
Sébastien D. S. Pion ◽  
Cédric B. Chesnais ◽  
Gary J. Weil ◽  
Frédéric Louya ◽  
Michel Boussinesq ◽  
...  

Between October 2012 and October 2015, we conducted a community trial to assess the impact of semi-annual (twice yearly) community treatment with albendazole on lymphatic filariasis in Seke Pembe, a village in the Republic of the Congo. Semi-annual community treatment with albendazole has been continued in the community since October 2015. We conducted an additional parasitological assessment survey in October 2019, 6 months after the 14th round of semi-annual treatment. Between October 2012 and October 2015, Wuchereria bancrofti antigenemia and microfilaremia rates in the community had decreased from 17.3% to 4.7% and from 5.3% to 0.3%, respectively. In October 2019, the antigenemia rate had decreased further to 2.8% (19 of 687). No microfilariae were found in night blood smears from persons with circulating filarial antigenemia (0 of 16), suggesting that W. bancrofti transmission has been interrupted in Seke Pembe. Semi-annual albendazole treatments also reduced significantly infection rates with soil-transmitted helminths.


Author(s):  
Mara Ipa ◽  
Eksi Wijayanti ◽  
Hipokrates Hipokrates ◽  
Endang Puji Astuti ◽  
Yuneu Yuliasih

Pekalongan district has completed mass drug administration (MDA) of lymphatic filariasis (LF) for two rounds but still remains positive for microfilariae (Mf rate) > 1%. This study aimed was to assess the prevalence of Wuchereria bancrofti and its association with sociodemographic among the adult community to the incidence of lymphatic filariasis. This study is an analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The prevalence of W. bancrofti was detected by the presence of circulating filarial antigen (CFA) using a filarial test strip (FTS). The study population consisted of an adult group living in ten villages in the Pekalongan district's low-endemic region, with 1804 samples collected from 72 clusters. Statistical analysis was performed to test the difference between variables. There were 13 (0.72%) positive W. bancrofti antigen samples out of 1804 total samples. Males were found to be infected at a higher rate than females (61.5%). The age of subjects infected with W. bancrofti was dominated in the range of 13-50 years as many as 9 people (69.2%). The proportion of positive CFA in Medono village with the highest proportion was 6 people (2.7%). There was no statistically significant difference between gender and age with LF cases, but it is significantly different by sub-district (p-value = 0.041). LF transmission occurred in border areas between high and low endemic LF areas. MDA implementation must be constantly supervised in required to address the elimination target.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela Claudia da Silva ◽  
Milena Maria Andrade De Oliveira ◽  
Sarytha Ediyh Harrys De Lemos Dos Santos Silva ◽  
Israyane Nascimento Do Santos

Introdução: A Filariose Linfática (FL) causada por vermes que parasitam os vasos linfáticos da Mulher. Ficou sendo conhecida popularmente como elefantíase devido ao aspecto dos membros do paciente. Tem como transmissor os mosquitos dos gêneros Culex, Anopheles, Mansonia ou Aedes, sendo no Brasil o culex quinquefasciatus o principal transmissor. Estima-se que seja mais de 120 milhões o número de indivíduos parasitados, destes, aproximadamente 112 milhões são portadores de Wuchereria bancrofti. Objetivo: Realizar uma breve análise histórica, focando na Filariose Linfática, sintomas, atendimento do profissional de enfermagem, reações e sequelas sobretudo na mulher. Material e Métodos: Um material de cunho bibliográfico realizando sua base em dados científicos, nas fontes: Biblioteca Virtual Scielo (Scientific Eletronic Library Online) Pudmed (national Library of medicine (NLM), e na base de dados Lilacs (Literatura Latino - Americana em Ciências da Saúde).Resultados: Os vermes adultos vivem nos vasos linfáticos e nos linfonodos onde machos e fêmeas encontram-se em enrolados constituindo novelos. O percentual de vermes nesses novelos pode ser de uma vintena, como predominância de fêmeas na proporção de cinco para cada macho. A doença pode acometer homens e mulheres, atingindo diferentes partes do organismo, como os membros inferiores e os superiores, as mamas, a região escrotal, o pênis e, raramente, a vulva. No homem, o porta-voz da doença é o trato urogenital. Na mulher, a FL é a mais desfigurante dentre todas as manifestações crônicas que localiza-se, predominantemente, nos membros inferiores. Estima-se que cerca de 10 a 15% dos indivíduos infectados irão evoluir para a cronicidade gerando, no universo dos doentes, uma parcela importante da população que precisará de cuidados especiais relacionados com a recuperação de sua saúde física e mental. Conclusão: Pesquisas foram sendo realizadas para aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a doença FL, influência infecciosa parasitária crônica e suas consequências no individuo. Desta forma, o cuidado e a orientação do diagnóstico é de extrema importância para que o portador de Filariose Linfática e sua família se sinta acolhida pela equipe multidisciplinar, uma vez que o indivíduo será submetido aos cuidados especiais ao longo da vida.


Author(s):  
Obiora A. Eneanya ◽  
Lincoln Gankpala ◽  
Charles W. Goss ◽  
Fatorma K. Bolay ◽  
Gary J. Weil ◽  
...  

We compared the impact of three rounds of annual and five rounds of semiannual mass drug administration (MDA) with albendazole plus ivermectin on helminthic infections in Liberia. Repeated annual cross-sectional community surveys were conducted between 2013 and 2019 in individuals of 5 years and older. Primary outcome was the change of infection prevalence estimates from baseline to month 36 (12 months after the last treatment). After three rounds of annual MDA, Wuchereria bancrofti circulating filarial antigen (CFA) and microfilaria (Mf) prevalence estimates decreased from 19.7% to 4.3% and from 8.6% to 0%, respectively; after semiannual MDA, CFA and Mf prevalences decreased from 37.8% to 16.8% and 17.9% to 1%, respectively. Mixed effects logistic regression models indicated that the odds of having Mf decreased by 97% (P < 0.001) at month 36 (similar odds for annual and semiannual MDA zones). A parallel analysis showed that the odds of CFA were reduced by 83% and 69% at 36 months in the annual and semiannual treatment zones, respectively (P < 0.001). Onchocerca volvulus Mf prevalence decreased slightly after multiple MDA rounds in both treatment zones. Reductions in hookworm and Trichuris trichiura prevalences and intensities were slightly greater in the annual treatment zone. Ascaris lumbricoides prevalence rates were relatively unchanged, although infection intensities decreased sharply throughout. Results show that annual and semiannual MDA were equally effective for reducing LF and soil-transmitted helminth infection parameters over a 3-year period, and reductions recorded at month 36 were sustained by routine annual MDA through month 72.


2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Okonofua Christiana ◽  
Akinsanya Bamidele ◽  
Idowu Emmanuel Taiwo ◽  
Otubanjo Adetoro Olubunmi

Abstract Background Lymphatic filariasis is a mosquito-borne parasitic disease caused by Wuchereria bancrofti. It is a neglected tropical disease that constitutes a public health challenge in rural endemic communities in Nigeria. This is a debilitating disease of global concern, because of its effect on per capital income and its stigmatization on affected individuals. The Program for Elimination for Lymphatic filariasis has set a goal towards possible elimination. Results Communities in Imobi, in Ijedu East Local Government Area in Ogun State, have been undergoing Mass Drug Administration (MDA). However, there is need for a baseline data to assess, monitor and evaluate the progress of MDA in these communities towards eventual elimination. Systematic random sampling and cluster survey were used to gather 246 participants from six communities in Imobi to a central point at the Local Government Health Centre. Parasitological diagnosis was done using microscopy, while structured questionnaires, which probed into respondents Knowledge, Attitude and Practices, were administered. An overall prevalence of 50 (20.3%) was observed with 17 (21.5%) males being more infected than 24 (19.8%) females. Prevalence of infection was significantly higher in younger age groups 4 (28.6%) than in older age groups 20 (14.6%) at p < 0.05. Overall microfilarial density of 25.7 mf/ml was obtained among infected population. Microfilariae prevalence was not observed in people that had received treatment with both albendazole and ivermectin. Higher prevalence of infection was observed in people who did not made use of Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets 45 (21.1%), than in people who did 5 (15.2%). However, it was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Most of the respondents had little or no knowledge of the disease, its cause, transmission, prevention and treatment. The prevalence level is also higher than 1% for which MDA is required. Conclusions It is recommended that MDA be intensified in the study area, together with vector control and awareness campaign on the disease.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Nascimento Gomes da Silva
Keyword(s):  

Introdução: A filariose linfática é uma doença parasitária endêmica, a qual no Brasil, o estado de Pernambuco, é o único endêmico com casos comprovados nos municípios do Recife, Olinda, Paulista e Jaboatão dos Guararapes. Sendo causada em grande parte das infecções pelos vermes Wuchereria bancrofti. Esses parasitas são transmitidos por mosquitos fêmeas dos gêneros Aedes, Anopheles, Culex , Mansonia e Ochlerotatus infectados após ingestão de sangue de pacientes microfilarêmicos. A Filariose Linfática continua a ser uma das principais causas de morbidade e incapacidade permanente em populações endêmicas. O município de Jaboatão dos Guararapes merece destaque, pois apresentou 14 áreas elencadas como prioritárias ao tratamento em massa. Entretanto, a intervenção ocorreu em quatro destas localidades. Nas outras 10 áreas que não receberam MDA foi implantado um plano de intervenção integrado. Um dos bairros o qual não foi passado o MDA, foi o bairro de Jardim Jordão, o qual apresentou uma das maiores taxas de microfilaremia e risco socioambiental. Objetivo: Sendo assim, o objetivo geral do trabalho foi investigar a infecção vetorial por Wuchereria bancrofti no bairro de Jardim Jordão, no município de Jaboatão dos Guararapes. Material e Métodos: Para a construção do indicador de risco socioambiental foram utilizadas as variáveis que refletissem as condições de vida da população. O estudo foi do tipo descritivo transversal, cuja medida de frequência foi definida para verificar a prevalência de infecção da filariose linfática. Os domicílios foram definidos usando o software de imagens de satélite e sistemas de informação geográfica (GIS). Resultados: A amostra foi composta por cerca de 5.000 fêmeas grávidas e/ou ingurgitadas de sangue, coletadas nos domicílios dentro dos limites geográficos do bairro. Foram capturados 10.742 mosquitos, sendo 10.112 (94,13%) do gênero Culex e 630 (5,86%) do gênero Aedes. Dentre os 10.112 mosquitos coletados de C. quinquefasciatus, 6.220 eram fêmeas e destas 5.068 apresentavam-se grávidas e/ou ingurgitadas no momento da separação, em seguida foram acondicionadas em pools de 10 fêmeas totalizando 506 pools para pesquisa de DNA de W. bancrofti. Conclusão: Assim, conclui-se a importância do acompanhamento de áreas elencadas como endêmicas no município de Jaboatão, em especial as que não passaram pelo MDA, para monitorar casos de filariose linfática.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document