Natural Polymer Composites for Environmental Applications

Handbook of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-11155-7_89-1 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Mohd Shabbir ◽

Xiaogang Luo

Keyword(s):

Polymer Composites ◽

Environmental Applications ◽

Natural Polymer

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Polymeric Composites Based on Carboxymethyl Cellulose Cryogel and Conductive Polymers: Synthesis and Characterization

Journal of Composites Science ◽

10.3390/jcs4020033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Sahin Demirci ◽

S. Duygu Sutekin ◽

Nurettin Sahiner

Keyword(s):

Polymer Composites ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

Conductive Polymers ◽

Conductive Polymer ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Natural Polymer ◽

Conductive Polymer Composites ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Vapor Treatment ◽

Ft Ir Spectroscopy

In this study, a super porous polymeric network prepared from a natural polymer, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), was used as a scaffold in the preparation of conductive polymers such as poly(Aniline) (PANi), poly(Pyrrole) (PPy), and poly(Thiophene) (PTh). CMC–conductive polymer composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques, and conductivity measurements. The highest conductivity was observed as 4.36 × 10−4 ± 4.63 × 10−5 S·cm−1 for CMC–PANi cryogel composite. The changes in conductivity of prepared CMC cryogel and its corresponding PAN, PPy, and PTh composites were tested against HCl and NH3 vapor. The changes in conductivity values of CMC cryogel upon HCl and NH3 vapor treatment were found to increase 1.5- and 2-fold, respectively, whereas CMC–PANi composites showed a 143-fold increase in conductivity upon HCl and a 12-fold decrease in conductivity upon NH3 treatment, suggesting the use of natural polymer–conductive polymer composites as sensor for these gases.

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Chitin and Chitinases: Biomedical And Environmental Applications of Chitin and its Derivatives

Journal of Enzymes ◽

10.14302/issn.2690-4829.jen-18-2043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 20-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Palanivel Rameshthangam ◽

Dhanasekaran Solairaj ◽

Gnanapragasam Arunachalam ◽

Palaniappan Ramasamy

Keyword(s):

Surface Charge ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Health Hazards ◽

Present Review ◽

Environmental Applications ◽

Biotechnological Applications ◽

Natural Polymer ◽

Chitinolytic Enzymes ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Chitin Derivatives

Disposal of chitin wastes from crustacean shell can cause environmental and health hazards. Chitin is a well known abundant natural polymer extracted after deproteinization and demineralization of the shell wastes of shrimp, crab, lobster, and krill. Extraction of chitin and its derivatives from waste material is one of the alternative ways to turn the waste into useful products. Chitinases are enzymes that degrade chitin. Chitinases contribute to the generation of carbon and nitrogen in the ecosystem. Chitin and chitinolytic enzymes are gaining importance for their biotechnological applications. The presence of surface charge and multiple functional groups make chitin as a beneficial natural polymer. Due to the reactive functional groups chitin can be used for the preparation of a spectrum of chitin derivatives such as chitosan, alkyl chitin, sulfated chitin, dibutyryl chitin and carboxymethyl chitin for specific applications in different areas. The present review is aimed to summarize the efficacy of the chitinases on the chitin and its derivatives and their diverse applications in biomedical and environmental field. Further this review also discusses the synthesis of various chitin derivatives in detail and brings out the importance of chitin and its derivatives in biomedical and environmental applications.

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