This chapter summarizes and integrates the various approaches to optimizing human performance addressed in this book. Strategies for performance enhancement are evaluated across the three main domains of focus in this volume—physical, cognitive, and social. Moreover, for each domain, the authors offer suggestions for those that may be applied in the near term versus those that, while potentially useful, await further research and development. There are many steps that organizations might undertake at present to enhance individual and team performance. Challenges to achieving this goal include (a) establishing HPO as a salient organizational goal, (b) developing a strategy that effectively reaches all levels of an organization, and (c) designing an approach that is relevant and suitable to the needs of the organization. A unifying theme involves the criticality of ensuring that scientifically derived approaches to enhancing human performance meet stringent ethical guidelines before being implemented.
