Advances in the Progression and Prognosis Biomarkers of Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the increasingly serious public health concerns worldwide; the global burden of CKD is increasingly due to high morbidity and mortality. At present, there are three key problems in the clinical treatment and management of CKD. First, the current diagnostic indicators, such as proteinuria and serum creatinine, are greatly interfered by the physiological conditions of patients, and the changes in the indicator level are not synchronized with renal damage. Second, the established diagnosis of suspected CKD still depends on biopsy, which is not suitable for contraindication patients, is also traumatic, and is not sensitive to early progression. Finally, the prognosis of CKD is affected by many factors; hence, it is ineviatble to develop effective biomarkers to predict CKD prognosis and improve the prognosis through early intervention. Accurate progression monitoring and prognosis improvement of CKD are extremely significant for improving the clinical treatment and management of CKD and reducing the social burden. Therefore, biomarkers reported in recent years, which could play important roles in accurate progression monitoring and prognosis improvement of CKD, were concluded and highlighted in this review article that aims to provide a reference for both the construction of CKD precision therapy system and the pharmaceutical research and development.

Cover, Content, and Editorial Note from Borneo J Pharm Vol. 4 No. 4 November 2021

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb. Alhamdulillahirabbil ‘alamin. The next edition of Borneo Journal of Pharmacy (Borneo J Pharm), has been published at November 2021. Starting from this volume, Borneo J Pharm increases the frequency of publishing four times a year. This change aims to improve circulation of the best articles published by Borneo J Pharm. This edition contains ten articles consisting of Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry, Analytical Pharmacy-Medicinal Chemistry, Microbiology Pharmacy, Natural Product Development, and Clinical-Community Pharmacy. This edition includes writings from six countries including India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Turkey. The authors come from several institutions, including the University of Jaffna, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy, Government College University Faisalabad, Galgotias University, University of Delhi, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Ege Üniversitesi, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences, Ganapathy Degree College, National Agency of Drug and Food Control of Republic of Indonesia, National Agency of Drug and Food Control of Republic of Indonesia in Gorontalo, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, and Ibrahim Adjie Health Center. Editorial boards are fully aware that there are still room for improvement in this edition, hence with all humility willing to accept constructive suggestions and feedback for improvements to the publication for the next editions. We hope that all parties, especially the contributors, could re-participate for the publication in the next edition on February 2022. Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

Intellectual Property Rights and computer applications for pharmaceutical research and development

: Intellectual property rights (IPR) are intellectual privileges that allow authors and inventors to defend their original inventions from misuse or theft. With the assistance of algorithms, clinical science has taken on a different level in recent years. Various advanced tools can be used to investigate pharmacokinetics profiling, in silico experiments, receptor simulations, drug synergistic effects, and so on. Computational scientists are making continuous efforts to figure out how to connect business models in pharmacology. However, software theft and security rights remain major concerns for all. In order to avoid such violations, IPR compliance for R&D as well as promoting machine applications is critical. This compilation will illustrate diverse software concepts, the latest patent data structures, copyright management laws for software, trade secrets, compliance rights, software patenting and contracts, artificial technology priorities and problems, licenses, and case studies relating to IPR violations in pharmaceutical and other fields.