Downstream Impacts

How does financial aid affect postsecondary enrollment, college choice, and student composition? We present new evidence based on a large-scale program available to high-achieving, low-income students for attending high-quality colleges in Colombia. RD estimates show financial aid eligibility raised immediate enrollment by 56.5 to 86.5 percent, depending on the complier population. This rise, driven by matriculation at private, high-quality colleges, closed the SES enrollment gap among high achievers. Moreover, a DID approach suggests enrollment of aid-ineligible students also improved because college supply expanded in response to heightened demand. With ability stratification largely replacing SES stratification, diversity increased 46 percent at private, high-quality colleges. (JEL I22, I23, I24, I26, J24, O15)

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Quantifying downstream impacts of impoundment on flow regime and channel planform, lower Trinity River, Texas

Geomorphology ◽

10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.09.034 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 69 (1-4) ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Jessica L. Wellmeyer ◽

Michael C. Slattery ◽

Jonathan D. Phillips

Keyword(s):

Flow Regime ◽

Trinity River ◽

Downstream Impacts ◽

Channel Planform

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Sedimentation in the Manwan reservoir in the Upper Mekong and its downstream impacts

Quaternary International ◽

10.1016/j.quaint.2007.09.041 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 186 (1) ◽

pp. 91-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

K.D. Fu ◽

D.M. He ◽

X.X. Lu

Keyword(s):

Downstream Impacts

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Downstream impacts of a dam and influence of a tributary on the reproductive success of Leporinus reinhardti in São Francisco River

Aquatic Biology ◽

10.3354/ab00531 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 195-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

AA Weber ◽

DM Ferreira Nunes ◽

R Zeferino Gomes ◽

E Rizzo ◽

K Biana Santiago ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Success ◽

Sao Francisco River ◽

São Francisco River ◽

Downstream Impacts

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Anthropogenic Change Alters Ecological Relationships via Interactive Changes in Stress Physiology and Behavior within and among Organisms

Integrative and Comparative Biology ◽

10.1093/icb/icaa001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 57-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Talisin T Hammond ◽

Chelsea A Ortiz-Jimenez ◽

Jennifer E Smith

Keyword(s):

Stress Physiology ◽

Anthropogenic Change ◽

Cascading Effects ◽

Ecological Relationships ◽

Ecological Relationship ◽

Taxonomic Groups ◽

Induced Changes ◽

And Behavior ◽

Host Parasite ◽

Downstream Impacts

Synopsis Anthropogenic change has well-documented impacts on stress physiology and behavior across diverse taxonomic groups. Within individual organisms, physiological and behavioral traits often covary at proximate and ultimate timescales. In the context of global change, this means that impacts on physiology can have downstream impacts on behavior, and vice versa. Because all organisms interact with members of their own species and other species within their communities, the effects of humans on one organism can impose indirect effects on one or more other organisms, resulting in cascading effects across interaction networks. Human-induced changes in the stress physiology of one species and the downstream impacts on behavior can therefore interact with the physiological and behavioral responses of other organisms to alter emergent ecological phenomena. Here, we highlight three scenarios in which the stress physiology and behavior of individuals on different sides of an ecological relationship are interactively impacted by anthropogenic change. We discuss host–parasite/pathogen dynamics, predator–prey relationships, and beneficial partnerships (mutualisms and cooperation) in this framework, considering cases in which the effect of stressors on each type of network may be attenuated or enhanced by interactive changes in behavior and physiology. These examples shed light on the ways that stressors imposed at the level of one individual can impact ecological relationships to trigger downstream consequences for behavioral and ecological dynamics. Ultimately, changes in stress physiology on one or both sides of an ecological interaction can mediate higher-level population and community changes due in part to their cascading impacts on behavior. This framework may prove useful for anticipating and potentially mitigating previously underappreciated ecological responses to anthropogenic perturbations in a rapidly changing world.

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