Currency Union in the East African Community: A Fractional Integration Approach

2016 ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Carcel ◽  
Luis A. Gil-Alana ◽  
Godfrey Madigu
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Integration ◽  
Currency Union ◽  
East African ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Integration Approach ◽  
African Community

Inflation Convergence in the East African Community: A Fractional Integration and Cointegration Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Carcel ◽  
Luis A. Gil-Alana ◽  
Godfrey Madigu
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Union ◽  
Fractional Integration ◽  
Fractional Cointegration ◽  
East African ◽  
Convergence Hypothesis ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Inflation Rates ◽  
African Community ◽  
Inflation Convergence

In this study we have examined the inflation convergence hypothesis in the five countries that belong to the East African Community and which recently signed a protocol outlining their plans for launching a monetary union within ten years. We check for common patterns in the persistence in the inflation levels. As it is argued in the literature, countries hoping to form a monetary union should present similar inflation patterns. Our study shows that the inflation rates in these countries present orders of integration equal to higher than one in all cases, confirming that shocks will most certainly not recover in the long run. Moreover, fractional cointegration relationships are also found across all the countries with the exception of Tanzania, suggesting that this country displays a different pattern compared to the remaining four, presenting also some evidence of a break in the data.

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of the Pharmacovigilance Systems within the Neglected Tropical Diseases Programs in East Africa—Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1941
Author(s):  
Abbie Barry ◽  
Sten Olsson ◽  
Christabel Khaemba ◽  
Joseph Kabatende ◽  
Tigist Dires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Pharmacovigilance System ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
East African ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Assessment And Evaluation ◽  
African Community

Monitoring the safety of medicines used in public health programs (PHPs), including the neglected tropical diseases (NTD) program, is a WHO recommendation, and requires a well-established and robust pharmacovigilance system. The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacovigilance systems within the NTD programs in Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania. The East African Community Harmonized Pharmacovigilance Indicators tool for PHPs was used to interview the staff of the national NTD programs. Data on four components, (i) systems, structures, and stakeholder coordination; (ii) data management and signal generation; (iii) risk assessment and evaluation; and (iv) risk management and communication, were collected and analyzed. The NTD programs in the four countries had a strategic master plan, with pharmacovigilance components and mechanisms to disseminate pharmacovigilance information. However, zero individual case safety reports were received in the last 12 months (2017/2018). There was either limited or no collaboration between the NTD programs and their respective national pharmacovigilance centers. None of the NTD programs had a specific budget for pharmacovigilance. The NTD program in all four countries had some safety monitoring elements. However, key elements, such as the reporting of adverse events, collaboration with national pharmacovigilance centers, and budget for pharmacovigilance activity, were limited/missing.

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