The flow patterns in the vibrated bed of powder are investigated numerically in two dimensions. They turn out to exhibit turbulent flow like that observed in fully developed turbulence. The power spectrum of their flow lines has k−5/3 power, where k is the wave number. Since the numerical investigation of powder requires very few computational resources, it provides us with a new tool to study turbulence easily.
Lagrangian irreversibility and Eulerian dissipation in fully developed turbulence
