Exergy of multi-phase multi-component systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 321-333
Author(s):  
Nikolay Ivanov Kolev
Keyword(s):  
Component Systems ◽  
Multi Phase

Exergy of Multi-phase Multi-component Systems

2015 ◽  
pp. 321-333
Author(s):  
Nikolay Ivanov Kolev
Keyword(s):  
Component Systems ◽  
Multi Phase

Multi-component manufacturing system maintenance scheduling based on degradation information using genetic algorithm

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1412-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinming Liu ◽  
Wenyuan Lv
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Model ◽  
Iterative Solution ◽  
Maintenance Scheduling ◽  
Phase Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
System Utilization ◽  
Structural Dependence ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
The Cost

Purpose – The traditional maintenance scheduling strategies of multi-component systems may result in maintenance shortage or overage, while system degradation information is often ignored. The purpose of this paper is to propose a multi-phase model that better integrates degradation information, dependencies and maintenance at the tactical level. Design/methodology/approach – This paper proposes first a maintenance optimization model for multi-component systems with economic dependence and structural dependence. The cost of combining maintenance activities is lower than that of performing maintenance on components separately, and the downtime cost can be reduced by considering structural dependence. Degradation information and multiple maintenance actions within scheduling horizon are considered. Moreover, the maintenance resources can be integrated into the optimization model. Then, the optimization model adopting one maintenance activity is extended to multi-phase optimization model of the whole system lifetime by taking into account the cost and the expected number of downtime. Findings – The superiority of the proposed method compared with periodic maintenance is demonstrated. Thus, the values of both integrated degradation information and considering dependencies are testified. The advantage of the proposed method is highlighted in the cases of high system utilization, long maintenance durations and low maintenance costs. Originality/value – Few studies have been carried out to integrate decisions on degradation, dependencies and maintenance. Their considerations are either incomplete or not realistic enough. A more comprehensive and realistic multi-phase model is proposed in this paper, along with an iterative solution algorithm for it.

Characterization of multi-component polymer blends by multi-step staining techniques

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 930-931
Author(s):  
Vivian Kramer ◽  
Annemarie Reimschuessel
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Polymer Properties ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Two Component Systems ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Innovative Techniques

Morphology is one of the important parameters that affects polymer properties and performance. A standard procedure used when characterizing the morphology of many polymer blends by TEM is to stain one of the components with a heavy element rendering it opaque to the electron beam. Among the more common stains used are phosphotungstic acid (PTA) for nylon and OSO4 for unsaturated rubbers. Although these stains work well for simple two component systems, innovative techniques are often essential when the material contains three or more phases, as necessitated by ever expanding industrial demands. This paper describes two such techniques used in characterizing three multi-phase polymer systems.One multi-component system consisted of a polybutadiene-polymer blend, nylon, and a saturated rubber. OSO4 reacts with the double bonds of the butadiene rendering it opaque while slightly darkening its matrix. PTA reacts with the amine groups of nylon rendering it opaque.

Exergy of multi-phase multi-component systems

2007 ◽  
pp. 311-324
Author(s):  
Nikolay I. Kolev
Keyword(s):  
Component Systems ◽  
Multi Phase

Some Applications of the U. S. Steel MVEM

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
J. S. Lally ◽  
L. E. Thomas ◽  
R. M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Debye Temperature ◽  
Metals And Alloys ◽  
Critical Voltage ◽  
Dynamical Diffraction ◽  
Phase Structures ◽  
Structure Factors ◽  
Local Bonding ◽  
Diffraction Phenomenon ◽  
Multi Phase

A variety of materials containing many different microstructures have been examined with the USS MVEM. Three topics have been selected to illustrate some of the more recent studies of diffraction phenomena and defect, grain and multi-phase structures of metals and minerals.(1) Critical Voltage Effects in Metals and Alloys - This many-beam dynamical diffraction phenomenon, in which some Bragg resonances vanish at certain accelerating voltages, Vc, depends sensitively on the spacing of diffracting planes, Debye temperature θD and structure factors. Vc values can be measured to ± 0.5% in the HVEM ana used to obtain improved extinction distances and θD values appropriate to electron diffraction, as well as to probe local bonding effects and composition variations in alloys.

Role of boundaries in the crystallization of amorphous films

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 626-627
Author(s):  
D. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Island Nucleation ◽  
Surface Steps ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Temperature Deposition

The nucleation and growth processes which lead to the formation of a thin film are particularly amenable to investigation by transmission electron microscopy either in situ or subsequent to deposition. In situ studies have enabled the observation of island nucleation and growth, together with addition of atoms to surface steps. This paper is concerned with post-deposition crystallization of amorphous alloys. It will be argued that the processes occurring during low temperature deposition of one component systems are related but the evidence is mainly indirect. Amorphous films result when the deposition conditions such as low temperature or the presence of impurities (intentional or unintentional) preclude the atomic mobility necessary for crystallization. Representative examples of this behavior are CVD silicon grown below about 670°C, metalloids, such as antimony deposited at room temperature, binary alloys or compounds such as Cu-Ag or Cr O2, respectively. Elemental metals are not stable in the amorphous state.

Digital imaging and quantitative image analysis of polymer blends

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Multiple Imaging ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Digital Imaging Systems ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Network Technologies

Polymer microscopy involves multiple imaging techniques. Speed, simplicity, and productivity are key factors in running an industrial polymer microscopy lab. In polymer science, the morphology of a multi-phase blend is often the link between process and properties. The extent to which the researcher can quantify the morphology determines the strength of the link. To aid the polymer microscopist in these tasks, digital imaging systems are becoming more prevalent. Advances in computers, digital imaging hardware and software, and network technologies have made it possible to implement digital imaging systems in industrial microscopy labs.

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