Core Stability and Duality of Effectivity Functions

1984 ◽  
pp. 272-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bezalel Peleg
Keyword(s):  
Core Stability ◽  
Effectivity Functions

Foot core strengthening: relevance in injury prevention and rehabilitation for runners

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Tibialis Posterior ◽  
Lower Limb Injury ◽  
Limb Injury ◽  
Plantar Fasciopathy ◽  
Intrinsic Foot Muscles

The human foot is a flexible structure characterized by a pronounced medial longitudinal arch (MLA) that compresses and recoils during running. That process is actively driven by the intrinsic foot muscles and requires a proper stability of the MLA. This introduces the concept of foot core stability. Because the intrinsic foot muscles are often neglected by clinicians and researchers, the purpose of this article is to provide some guidelines for incorporating foot core training in prevention or rehabilitation programmes for runners. The intrinsic foot muscles play a key role in postural control and maintain balance during single leg stance by controlling the height of the MLA and the foot pronation. During running, these muscles lengthen eccentrically during the absorption phase and subsequently shorten as the arch recoils during the propulsive phase, functioning in parallel to the plantar fascia. As a consequence, the dysfunction or weakness of the MLA active support may lead to injuries (e.g. plantar fasciopathy, Achilles or Tibialis posterior tendinopathy, metatarsalgia or medial tibial stress syndrome), due to numerous biomechanical cascades and mechanisms. In order to counteract or prevent these impairments, there are two ways for enhancing the foot core stability. Firstly in terms of volitional control of the intrinsic foot muscles, the “short foot exercise” must be practiced. Secondly strengthening sessions using neuromuscular electrical stimulation of these muscles seem to be a promising strategy in order to support the MLA and control the pronation during running. Practically, the foot core strengthening protocol may beneficiate not only the runners affected by excessive pronation related injuries but also those who sustained a long term lower limb injury and may be affected by a detraining process. In addition we warmly recommend integrating this protocol in any lower limb injury prevention programme or strength and conditioning plan for runners.

A systematic review and meta-analysis on efficacy of exercise on posture and balance in patients suffering from Diabetic Neuropathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neerja Thukral ◽  
Jaspreet Kaur ◽  
Manoj Malik
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Balance Scale ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eyes Open

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a major and chronic complication of diabetes mellitus affecting more than 50% of patients suffering from diabetes. There is involvement of both large and small diameter nerve fibres leading to altered somatosensory and motor sensations, thereby causing impaired balance and postural instability. Objective: To assess the effects of exercises on posture and balance in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. Method: Mean changes in Timed Up and Go test(TUGT), Berg Balance Scale and Postural Sway with eyes open and eyes closed on Balance System were primary outcome measures. RevMan 5.3 software was used for the meta-analyses. Eighteen randomized controlled trials met the selection criteria and were included in the study. All the studies ranked high on PEDro Rating scale. Risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane collaboration tool of risk of bias. Included studies had low risk of bias. Sixteen RCT’s were included for the meta-analysis. Result: Results of meta-analysis showed that there was statistically significant improvement in TUGT with p≤ 0.05 and substantial heterogeneity (I 2 = 84%, p < 0.00001) in experimental group as compared to control group. There was statistically significant difference in Berg Balance Scale scores and heterogeneity of I 2 = 62%, p < 0.00001 and significant changes in postural stability (eyes open heterogeneity of I 2 = 100%, p =0.01 and eyes closed, heteogeneity I 2 = 0%, p =0.01). Sensitivity analysis causes change in heterogeneity. Conclusion: It can be concluded that various exercises like balance training, core stability, Tai-Chi, proprioceptive training etc. have a significant effect in improving balance and posture in diabetic neuropathy.

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