Salt Marshes in the Netherlands Wadden Sea: Rising High-Tide Levels and Accretion Enhancement

1990 ◽  
pp. 173-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Dijkema ◽  
J. H. Bossinade ◽  
P. Bouwsema ◽  
R. J. de Glopper
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
High Tide

scholarly journals A Diachronic Triangular Perspective on Landscapes: a Conceptual Tool for Research and Management Applied to Wadden Sea Salt Marshes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mans Schepers ◽  
Erik W. Meijles ◽  
Jan P. Bakker ◽  
Theo Spek
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Conceptual Tool

AbstractStrong disciplinary academic fragmentation and sectoral division in policies lead to problems regarding the management of landscapes. As a result, there is a focus on the preservation and development of either cultural or natural landscapes. We argue that framing landscapes as “natural” or “cultural” will not help sustainable management. The goal of this paper is to show that even what is referred to as nature, virtually always features an intricate combination of physical geography, biology, and cultural history. It provides an analytical framework that visualizes the three forces at play in physical landscapes. Therefore, we introduce a diachronic triangular approach to study and manage landscapes from a holistic point of view, allowing an exchange of different perspectives. To test this approach, we have applied our model to a diachronic case study on Wadden Sea salt marshes. That area has been influenced by physical-geographical, biological, and cultural landscape forces, which are still visible in the landscape to a large extent. By placing different landscape zones in the triangular concept for different time periods, we can identify and visualize these driving forces through time for this specific landscape. These all play their specific roles in the appearance of the landscape over time in a close mutual interconnection. More importantly, we show that the diverse and complex interplay between these forces makes the current-day landscape what it is. We therefore conclude that the diachronic triangular approach provides a conceptual tool to define and operationalize landscape management in the Wadden Sea area. We welcome similar approaches in other landscapes to assess the usefulness of the diachronic triangular landscape approach.

scholarly journals Regulating Subsidence and its uncertainty in the Dutch Wadden Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Johannes A. de Waal ◽  
Mathijs W. Schouten
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Proper Management ◽  
Subsidence Rate ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Regulatory Approach

Abstract. At the start of gas production its effects on land subsidence are not certain. There are uncertainties in mechanisms, models and parameters. Examples are non-linear deformation of reservoir rock, fault transmissibility, behaviour of overlaying salt and aquifer activity. Looking back at historical cases in the Netherlands, a factor two or three difference between initial prediction and final outcome is quite common. As the Dutch regulator, SSM is tasked with assuring proper management by operators of the risks associated with land subsidence from natural gas production in The Netherlands. Large initial uncertainties can only be tolerated if operators can demonstrate that timely actions can still be taken when predefined subsidence limits are at risk of being exceeded now or in the future. The applied regulatory approach is illustrated by the case history of gas production induced subsidence in the Dutch Wadden Sea area. This environmentally highly sensitive UNESCO World Heritage Site is a natural gas province. Extensive legal, technical and organisational frameworks are in place to prevent damage to its natural values. Initial uncertainties in the predicted subsidence (rate) were later exacerbated by the detection of strong non-linear effects in the observed subsidence behaviour, leading to new concerns. It was realised that – depending on the underlying physical cause(s) – there will be a different impact on future subsidence. To assure proper management of the additional uncertainty by the operator, several improvements in the regulatory approach have been implemented. Possible underlying mechanisms had to be studied in depth and improved data analysis techniques were requested to narrow down uncertainties as time progresses. The approach involves intensified field monitoring, scenario's covering the full range of uncertainties and a particle filter approach to handle uncertainties in predictions and measurements. Spatial-temporal double differences, production data and the full covariance matrix are used to confront scenario predictions against measurements and to assess their relative probability. The regulator is actively involved in assuring this integrated control loop of predictions, monitoring, updating, mitigation measures and the closing of knowledge gaps. The regulator involvement is supported in the Mining law and by appropriate conditions in the production plan assent. With the approach it can be confidently assured that subsidence (rate) will remain within the allowed range.

scholarly journals CMOS-based Image Cytometry for Detection of Phytoplankton in Ballast Water

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Jofre ◽  
J M Perez ◽  
P Martinez ◽  
Z Moubarak ◽  
C Hurth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Image Cytometry ◽  
Marine Water ◽  
Pam Fluorometry ◽  
Ballast Water Treatment Systems ◽  
Fresh Water Environment

An image cytometer (CYT) for the analysis of phytoplankton in fresh and marine water environments is introduced. A linear quantification of the number of cells over several orders of magnitude of concentrations was observed using cultures of Tetraselmis and Nannochloropsis measured by autofluorescence of the chlorophyll in a laboratory environment. The functionality of the system outside the laboratory was analysed by phytoplankton quantification of samples taken from marine water environment (Dutch Wadden Sea, The Netherlands) and fresh water environment (Lake Ijssel, The Netherlands). The CYT was also employed to study the effects of two ballast water treatment systems (BWTS), based on chlorine electrolysis and UV sterilisation by determining the vitality of the phytoplankton. In order to ensure the detection limit, a large volume (1l) of samples was collected and concentrated to 3 ml using CelltrapTM filters. The results were compared to benchmarked flow cytometer and PAM Fluorometry at Marine Eco-Analytics (MEA-NL). The image cytometer reached a 10 cells/ml limit of detection (LoD) with an accuracy between 0.7 and 0.5 log, and a correlation of 88.29% in quantification and 96.21% in vitality, when compared to benchmarked monitoring techniques.

Restoration of salt marshes in the Netherlands

2002 ◽  
pp. 29-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Bakker ◽  
P. Esselink ◽  
K. S. Dijkema ◽  
W. E. van Duin ◽  
D. J. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Salt Marshes

Salt marshes along the coast of The Netherlands

1993 ◽  
pp. 73-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Bakker ◽  
J. de Leeuw ◽  
K. S. Dijkema ◽  
P. C. Leendertse ◽  
H. H. T. Prins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Salt Marshes

scholarly journals The impact of mussel seed fishery on the dynamics of wild subtidal mussel beds in the western Wadden Sea, The Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 101978
Author(s):  
A.C. Smaal ◽  
J.A. Craeymeersch ◽  
M.R. van Stralen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Mussel Beds ◽  
The Impact
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