Secondary Education: Sampling Procedure and Design

Purpose of the study: The objective of this study is to describe the beliefs, and opinions of the teachers of the Primary Education, Secondary Education, and Baccalaureate stages, regarding the phenomenon of bullying. Methodology: A random sampling procedure was used for the selection of participants. There were 224 teachers from Primary Education (32%), Secondary Education (56%), and the Baccalaureate (12%) who participated in a voluntary. The ages of the teaching staff were between 25 and 63 years. The majorities were women (87.4%) and half of the teachers reported bullied students in their classrooms. Main Findings: The results show that teachers are able to identify the most common bullying situations and consider that the cause is fundamentally socio-cultural. The teachers expressed a need for training in the field and those strategies for conflict management focus on dialogue and group and individual mentoring, and consider that preventive actions based on value education are highly desirable. Applications of this study: It can serve as a reflection to think about all the bullying situations that happen in any context and not only schools. Novelty/Originality of this study: the novelty of the study is that it analyzes the teachers' beliefs about bullying in their centers, there are important errors about bullying that can influence detection and intervention in real situations of bullying.

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Opening images of synaptic vesicles and calcium localization by means of microwave fixation method

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100134508 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 182-183

Author(s):

Vinci Mizuhira ◽

Hiroshi Hasegawa

Keyword(s):

Synaptic Vesicles ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Osmium Tetroxide ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Fixation Method ◽

Potassium Oxalate ◽

X Ray ◽

Cacodylate Buffer ◽

Ultrathin Sections ◽

Microwave Fixation

Microwave irradiation (MWI) was applied to 0.3 to 1 cm3 blocks of rat central nervous system at 2.45 GHz/500W for about 20 sec in a fixative, at room temperature. Fixative composed of 2% paraformaldehyde, 0.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer at pH 7.4, also contained 2 mM of CaCl2 , 1 mM of MgCl2, and 0.1% of tannic acid for conventional observation; and fuether 30-90 mM of potassium oxalate containing fixative was applied for the detection of calcium ion localization in cells. Tissue blocks were left in the same fixative for 30 to 180 min after MWI at room temperature, then proceeded to the sampling procedure, after postfixed with osmium tetroxide, embedded in Epon. Ultrathin sections were double stained with an useal manner. Oxalate treated sections were devided in two, stained and unstained one. The later oxalate treated unstained sections were analyzed with electron probe X-ray microanalyzer, the EDAX-PU-9800, at 40 KV accelerating voltage for 100 to 200 sec with point or selected area analyzing methods.

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