Optimizing the Islamic school quality improvement through 7P concept

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to design and formulate the practice of optimization strategies performed by Islamic schools to improve school quality and customer satisfaction. Methodology: This study used field research method as the data obtained through interviews and direct observation. The object of the research is SMP Muhammadiyah Sinar Fajar Cawas and SMP Islam Terpadu Muhammadiyah An Najah Jatinom Klaten, Central Java, Indonesia Main Findings: The results of the study show that the optimization of quality improvement performed by two schools under study is a marketing mix strategy through 7P application: (1) product of a variety of programs; (2) price of school fees offered to parents; (3) places of both schools are strategic and accessible by public and private transportation; (4) promotion through printed, electronic, and social media; (5) people including educators and office staff are young and enthusiastic; (6) physical evidence of school buildings and student reports and; (7) process of teaching and learning in both schools have met national education standards. The seven concepts are very influential in improving and optimizing the progress and quality of schools. The most influential concept applications in SMP Muhammadiyah Sinar Fajar are product, price, place, and people. Meanwhile, product, price, place, and physical evidence are five major applied concepts carried out in SMP Islam Terpadu Muhammadiyah An Najah. Applications of this study: This research is expected to be applied in schools, universities, and the wider community that focuses on education issues and optimizing the quality of Islamic schools Novelty/Originality of this study: Therefore, the impacts of the seven concepts are the high public interest; young, enthusiastic, and high creativity teachers; a variety of programs; teachers who are admired by prospective students and parents and; professional and certified school principals.

Evaluation of the High human quality innovative potential in the framework of the establishment project of the Constantine 3 University

Purpose of the study: The quality of work-life focuses on everyone's attention. This innovative concept led us to look for appropriate ways to put it into practice in academic environments, particularly within the University of Constantine 3 in Algeria's teaching community and to which we are affiliated. Methodology: An online survey has been conducted for the attainment of the purpose. It has collected the lecturer’s satisfaction levels with their framework and working conditions. The researcher, therefore, targeted two groups of respondents to obtain the most varied possible feedbacks. The first group came from a social branch and the second from a technical one. A questionnaire was sent to both groups Main Findings: Results were cross-referenced with the objectives of the 2020-2024 establishment project initiated by the same University. The latter wants to prioritize wellbeing, improve the framework and means available to teachers. These cross-referenced elements have revealed a great concordance between the teachers' expectations and the University’s undertaken project. This shows promising prospects for the realization of high human quality. Applications of the study: The study is a perfect recommendation to emphasize the pre-eminence of High Human Quality HHQ in universities and make its economic, social, and environmental interest prevail for more sustainable, more competitive, and more attractive university spaces... Novelty/Originality of the study: Participating in these ongoing reflections allows us to make our reflections even more engaging. The human capital becomes then the essential element on which this research focuses: It is a question of searching for the probable reasons for its unproductivity and working to make it the instigator of the HHQ Label within the University.

Time factor in macroeconomic analysis in theory and empirical research

Purpose of the study The aim of the research is to present the role of time in economic theory and explain how time horizon and the adopted period of time lags between the variables determine the results of macroeconomic analyzes. Methodology: In the paper were used research methods based on literature studies in the field of macroeconomics and finance as well as descriptive methods to explain how the change in the time horizon of the analysis affects the results of the research (short-term analysis and long-term analysis) and what influence the selection of a specific delay period has on the results time between the analyzed variables. Main Findings: The research results confirmed the importance of the time factor, which is still underestimated in many economic analyzes. Applications of this study: The research results can be used as a starting point for further analyzes regarding the importance of time in microeconomic analyzes and contribute to the development of new theoretical concepts concerning dynamic processes in the economy. The originality of this study: In the economics literature, no comprehensive research has been carried out on the importance of time in economic analyzes. Hence, the paper can fill the existing gap in this area and realize the importance of time in economic research.

The financial condition of selected enterprises from the Świętokrzyskie voivodeship during the COVID-19 pandemic – A survey analysis

Purpose of the study: This article aims to assess the financial condition of selected enterprises from the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: The article presents the results of proprietary surveys on the usefulness of the economic entities' cost accounting system to manage their costs in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. These studies were carried out using the Computer-Assisted Web Interview method. Economic entities from the Świętokrzyskie voivodship with an entry in the National Court Register were invited to the survey via email. They were commercial law companies, mainly limited liability companies, joint-stock companies, etc. Main Findings: The main conclusion from the conducted research is the statement that the difficult economic situation of the market sector in Poland does not always translate into the financial condition of enterprises. The common opinion about the financial problems of Polish companies caused by the COVID-19 pandemic turns out to be wrong. The examined economic entities do not struggle with the issue of losing financial liquidity at all. On the contrary, over 40% of them indicated an improvement in the financial result in 2020 compared to 2019. Applications of this study: The results of the conducted research confirm that the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland did not significantly worsen the financial situation of the surveyed business entities; on the contrary, the vast majority of them do not and have had no problems with maintaining financial liquidity. The originality of this study: The analysis of the literature on the subject showed that there is no data on the assessment of the financial condition of enterprises in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, taking into account at the same time the organizational and legal form of the studied entity and the area of ​​its operation.

The bioeconomy paradigm as a factor stimulating companies innovation in SMEs sector

Purpose of the study: This study intended to do an assessment of the bioeconomy paradigm importance for companies’ innovation in the SMEs sector. Methodology: The research material was collected on the basis of desk research method using professional literature, including book publications, scientific articles, presentations, reports, as well as various legal acts and press sources in paper and electronic form. Case studies of selected companies were prepared on the basis of the European Commission report. Main Findings: The concept of knowledge-based bioeconomy has become an important factor determining the innovation of enterprises. In the face of global eco-threats, companies that implement strategies in areas convergent with the new development paradigm are increasingly using innovative biotechnologies in their manufacturing processes or replacing non-renewable production resources with biodegradable bio-materials. In the process of changes, an important role is played by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), whose activities are to fill the gap between scientific research and the implementation of innovation, especially in such areas as food, agriculture and fisheries, and biotechnology. Therefore, despite numerous implementation barriers, this sector has gained a new source of competitive advantages thanks to the bioeconomy. Applications of this study: The presented material may become a source of knowledge for entrepreneurs interested in developing activities in the area of bioeconomy and for institutions focused on creating innovation support programs for the SMEs sector. The originality of this study: In the literature the bioeconomy is considered mainly as the sustainable production of renewable resources and the possibility of their transformation into food, feed, bio-based products or bioenergy. The new development paradigm should therefore be considered as a valuable source of competitive advantages for enterprises. This study documented its importance as a factor stimulating the innovation activity of small and medium-sized enterprises. This phenomenon is particularly important from the point of view of the Polish SMEs sector, whose innovations are most often of an imitative nature.

Wrong Train to Right Destination: Romantic Journey Motif in The Lunchbox

Purpose of the study: This paper attempts to analyze the theme of journey in The Lunchbox in the context of the varied strains of Romantic journey motifs present in 19th Century and early 20th Century Romanticisms prevalent in England, Germany, France, and America in the said period. Methodology: It is primarily a revisionist study. I have attempted to place The Lunchbox in the context of Romantic literature, predominantly of the 19th Century and early 20th Century and meticulous textual analysis is the basic procedure for this venture. Main Findings: The findings of this study indicate that the theme of the journey is a signature mark of Romanticism has been used in The Lunchbox for remapping geo-cultural imaginaries of contemporary Mumbai, one of the representative cities of South Asia. Journey to some exotic locale has always been considered as an added advantage to the fundamental narrative of a film. Applications of this study: This study will be really helpful to those who want to have a clear idea of the common theme of journey present in different kinds of Romanticisms (Lovejoy, 1924) prevalent in England, Germany, France, and America in the 19th Century and early 20th Century. However temporally and spatially specific, this theme can transcend all the boundaries of time, space, and art form and can be traced in The Lunchbox. Novelty/Originality of this study: The way this paper has attempted to place The Lunchbox in the context of the Romantic literature, predominantly of the 19th Century and early 20th Century, is quite unique, in my opinion. I have not come by any such venture especially relating this movie and the flourish of different Romantic philosophies prevalent in the mentioned segments of the globe in the said period.

Fee for issuing alcoholic beverages for sale in the municipalities of the Kielce poviat

Purpose of the study: The aim of the article is an analysis of revenues for fees for permits for the sale of alcoholic beverages in the own income of municipalities of the Kielce poviat in 2018-2020. It is to enable the answer to be given about the role of the fee for issuing a permit for the sale of alcohol in the incomes of municipalities' own. Methodology: The work was based on the analysis of RB 27S reports on the implementation of the budget income plan of the surveyed municipalities, analysis of internal materials of these units, normative acts and the Local Data Bank Main findings: The data presented in the paper shows that the share of revenues from fees for the permit to sell alcohol in own income does not exceed 1.7% and has a downward trend. However, the actual revenue from the levy shows slight fluctuations over the period considered. Moreover, it does not matter whether we are dealing with a rural or an urban-rural commune. Application of the study: The following study concerns an important aspect of financing the activities of municipalities. Taxes and fees are the most important revenues in budgets. Each decision of the local government authorities has an impact on the level of income. It may lead to a lack of funds for the implementation of own tasks. The year 2021 may be interesting in terms of income from the fee under study due to the possibility of applying a fee exemption or postponing its payment resulting from the provisions of the Act of March 2, 2020 on special solutions related to the prevention, prevention and combating of COVID-19, other infectious diseases and the resulting crises. It is not an easy decision, because such action reduces the revenues to the commune's budget. Due to the fact that for the implementation of tasks for which the funds from the fee were provided, it will have to be financed with other income. Originality/Novelty of the study: The importance of the financial stability of local government units is an extremely important topic. Topics related to budget planning are essential for the long-term balancing of the demand for funds reported by local governments in relation to the efficiency of funds left at the disposal of local authorities. As a consequence, the subject of the study was the analysis of the dynamics and structure of local authorities' income from the point of view of the selected source of income. The article can inspire further research in the field of local government finance and contribute to other interesting scientific studies.

Enterprise capital - Definition, theory and determinants of the structure

Purpose of the study: The main goal of the article is to define the company's capital, the concept of which in the literature is insignificant and broad. The subject of the research is also the characteristics of the capital structure and the factors that determine it. Methodology: The main research method was a critical review of the literature in the field of shaping the capital structure of enterprises, also in the perspective of the evolution of the theory of the optimal capital structure and the factors determining it. Main findings: The most common definition of capital describes this concept as a source of financing for the activities of an enterprise, and therefore equates it with the balance sheet concept of liabilities. The sources of origin of funds financing business activities forces the managers to search for their optimal structure ensuring the proper relationship between the planned profit and the acceptable level of risk. The literature presents many theories of capital structure and factors shaping it. When shaping the share of equity and borrowed capital in the total of liabilities, one should take into account the business sector of the enterprise, its environment and the risk appetite of the managers. Application of the study: The presented attempt to define the company's capital is in line with the considerations on this subject so far and aims to standardize this concept in the literature. The cross-section of the theory of capital structure allows for a historical approach to this issue and confirmation of the multidimensionality of the presented issues. The presented factors shaping the capital structure of enterprises specify the areas on which managers should focus when looking for an optimal relationship of equity and foreign capital. Originality/Novelty of the study: The issue of defining capital and its optimal structure is not new in the literature. However, it requires permanent analysis, which is conditioned by the volatility of macroeconomic and microeconomic conditions. Difficulties in a universal approach to this subject also force detailed research in specific industries and economic conditions.

Financial efficiency of the municipal waste management system on the example of selected cities in Poland

Purpose of the study: The municipal waste management system covers all activities related to waste, and its organization is a mandatory task of the local government. The system is financed by income from fees paid by property owners in the commune and should be balanced. The aim of the paper is to assess the functioning of waste management systems in selected cities in Poland, in terms of their self-financing. Methodology: The comparative analysis covered the revenues and expenses related to municipal waste management systems as well as the fee rates in 2020. In some cases, the change of the phenomenon over time was analyzed. Main findings: In seven out of ten analyzed cities, the system was deficient, while the other ones generated a surplus, which could result from an increase in the fee rates. Compared to other cities, high rates do not cause a surplus of the system, an example of which is Łódź. The presented data, concerning the last two or three years, are insufficient to explain clearly what is behind the shortages of municipal waste management systems. Application of the study: The content of the paper may be useful for local government practitioners and other people dealing with the effectiveness of municipal finance. Originality/Novelty of the study: The municipal waste management system in communes, described in the paper, is used in Poland since 2013 and is still being modificated. There are no studies on its effectiveness and efficiency. The presented data may inspire to a deeper analysis, which should be subjected to the financial efficiency of municipal waste management systems in the time perspective.

The role and importance of the European Union and the WHO (World Health Organization) in ensuring social safety during the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose of the study: The object of the analysis is to evaluate the effectiveness of the measures taken by international organizations in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic and thus to assess the effectiveness in ensuring public security. Two very important organizations were chosen for the analysis – the European Union, whose competences resulting from treaty provisions do not directly concern health, and in contrast – the World Health Organization (WHO), which was established to promote, ensure, and protect health. Methodology: The paper was prepared based on critical analysis of literature and the uncontrolled observation method. Main findings: The methods, forms of action and measures adopted to combat the pandemic, both by the EU and the WHO, cannot be described as fully effective. This was due to many reasons, different for both organizations, including lack of experience, adequate preparation, response time, information flow, access to vaccines, etc. Nevertheless, both organizations played a very important role. The EU has played and continues to play an integrating role, providing a sense of solidarity in the fight against the pandemic. The WHO, in turn, acts as an authority in the medical field, its guidelines and recommendations are credible to most of the international community. Application of the study: The presented article refers to the issue of security in a crisis situation, which is the COVID-19 pandemic. It implies reflections in such scientific fields as, among others security, healty and psychology. In addition, the study may be relevant to the discussion on strengthening the competences of the EU and WHO. Original/Novelty of the study: The subject matter addressed is very timely, in fact we are all caught up in the problem identified. The fight against the pandemic is still on and the current assessment is probably only a fraction of the research that can be fully presented once the pandemic is over. Therefore, the article may serve as an inspiration to continue deliberations about this topic. Perhaps only the invention of an effective drug, rather than a vaccine for COVID-19, can be declared a battle won.