Deviation Settlement Mechanism and Its Implementation in Indian Electricity Grid

2021 ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Bharti Koul ◽  
Kanwardeep Singh ◽  
Y. S. Brar
Author(s):  
Bharti Koul ◽  
Kanwardeep Singh ◽  
Yadwinder Singh Brar

Abstract This paper proposes the improvements in deviation settlement mechanism of Indian electricity grid system through demand response management (DRM) with the objective to minimize real-time under-injection/over-drawl or maximize real-time over-injection/under-drawl with respect to scheduled injection/drawl such that the deviation settlement charge (DSC) is minimum, subject to the network power flow equations, transmission line capability constraints, DRM constraints and bounds on variables. The mechanism to settle the unscheduled transactions, commonly named as deviation settlement mechanism (DSM), has been implemented to achieve grid frequency stability by imposing penalties and paying incentives, also known as DSC, for over- and under-drawls from the scheduled transactions. In this paper, the improvements in DSM have been solved as an optimization problem to minimize the DSC for a time period of 96 time-blocks (each of 15 min duration). The proposed improvement in DSM has been tested on modified IEEE 9-Bus system. It has been assumed that the generators installed at bus numbers 1, 2 and 3 are the central generating stations, which are monitored and controlled by the regional load dispatch center (RLDC). The simulation results are obtained (with varying percentages of shifting and different participating patterns of prosumers) for which the remarkable benefits of the proposed improvement in DSM (in terms of DSC minimization and improvement in the voltage profile and power flow) have been presented.


Jurnal Akta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Reza Fairuzabadi ◽  
Akhmad Khisni

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peran PPAT setelah terjadinya penetapan pembagian waris di Pengadilan Agama Garut, apabila terjadi hal terkait masalah proses peralihan hak atas tanah dan atau pembagian warisan sebaiknya para ahli waris terlebih dahulu datang ke kantor PPAT untuk berkonsultasi, agar dijelaskan tentang mekanisme penyelesaian serta di buatkan akta terkait pembagian waris sesuai peristiwa hukumnya yang sebelumnya sudah melalui proses pembagian waris di Pengadilan Agama. Penelitian ini mengggunakan pendekatan yuridis empiris.Berdasarkan metode tersebut penelitian menghasilkan pada pokoknya (1) Peran PPAT dalam proses peralihan hak dan Pembagian Waris di Pengadilan Agama Garut Menurut Putusan Pengadilan Agama yang isinya mengembalikan dan membagikan harta warisan kepada masing-masing ahli waris, selanjutnya PPAT membuatkan APHB, pada umumnya sama dengan alasan-alasan yuridis terkait pembuatan APHB yang menyatakan bahwa tanah yang merupakan warisan belum didaftar wajib dilampirkan dokumen-dokumen yang berkaitan dengan kewarisan dalam proses pendaftaran haknya sebagaimana tersebut dalam pasal 42 ayat 2 PP.24/1997, Pasal 111 PMA nomor 3 tahun 1997, KHI pasal 171-176, Pasal 37 ayat (1) PP 24/97, Pasal 136 PMA, UUPA nomor 5 Tahun 1960, PP 37 Tahun 1998, PP 3 Tahun 1997, PP 1 Tahun 2006, Perkaban Nomor 8 Tahun 2012. (2) Kendala dan solusi yang dihadapi oleh PPAT : a. Ketentuan yang mengharuskan pencantuman tanda tangan asli para ahli waris dalam pembuatan Surat Keterangan Waris dan Akta Pembagian Hak Bersama. b. Sistem pemecahan secara sempurna yang melahirkan produk akhir berupa sertifikat hak atas tanah dengan kepemilikan bersama atas nama para ahli waris. c. Perhitungan Pajak APHB. d. Persyaratan administratif yang harus dilengkapi oleh para ahli waris. e. Kantor Pertanahan terlalu kaku dalam menerapkan kelengkapan persyaratan. f. Kebiasaan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah menyuruh pegawainya untuk menjadi saksi dalam pembuatan Surat Keterangan Waris. g. Para ahli waris kurang mempunyai kesadaran hukum dalam melengkapi persyaratan proses pembagian hak bersama.Kata kunci : Peralihan Hak Atas Tanah, Pembagian Hak Bersama, Penetapan Pembagian WarisABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the role of PPAT after the establishment of inheritance division in Garut Religious Court, in case of problems related to the process of transition of land rights and / or inheritance division, the heirs must first come to the PPAT office to consult, to explain the settlement mechanism and made a deed related to the division of inheritance according to legal events that have been through the process of distributing inheritance in the Religious Courts. This research employs empirical juridical approachBased on the method, the research produces basically (1) The role of PPAT in the process of transition of rights and division of inheritance in Garut Religious Court Based on the Decision of Religious Court whose contents restore and distribute inheritance to each heirs, then PPAT make APHB, juridical reasons related to the creation of the APHB stating that the land which is inherited has not been registered must be attached with documents related to inheritance in the process of registration of its rights as mentioned in Article 42 paragraph 2 of PP.24 / 1997, Article 111 PMA number 3 of 1997, KHI article 171-176, Article 37 paragraph (1) PP 24/97, Article 136 PMA, UUPA number 5 Year 1960, PP 37 Year 1998, PP 3 Year 1997, PP 1 Year 2006, Perkaban Number 8 Year 2012. (2 ) Constraints and solutions faced by PPAT: a. The provisions that require the inclusion of the original signatures of the heirs in the making of the Certificate of Inheritance and the Deed of Rights Sharing. b. A perfect splitting system that produces the final product of a land title certificate with joint ownership on behalf of the heirs. c. APHB Tax Calculation. d. Administrative requirements to be completed by the heirs. e. Land Office is too rigid in applying the requirements. f. Habit of Officers of the Deed Land Author instructs his employees to become witnesses in the making of the Inheritance Certificate. g. The heirs lack legal awareness in completing the terms of the process of sharing common rights.Keywords: Land Rights Transfer, Shared Rights Sharing, Stipulation of Inheritance


Author(s):  
Michael S Okundamiya

The rising demands for a sustainable energy system have stimulated global interests in renewable energy sources. Wind is the fastest growing and promising source of renewable power generation globally. The inclusion of wind power into the electric grid can severely impact the monetary cost, stability and quality of the grid network due to the erratic nature of wind. Power electronics technology can enable optimum performance of the wind power generation system, transferring suitable and applicable energy to the electricity grid. Power electronics can be used for smooth transfer of wind energy to electricity grid but the technology for wind turbines is influenced by the type of generator employed, the energy demand and the grid requirements. This paper investigates the constraints and standards of wind energy conversion technology and the enabling power electronic technology for integration to electricity grid.


Author(s):  
Damilola S Olawuyi

Despite increasing political emphasis across the Middle East on the need to transition to lower carbon, efficient, and environmentally responsible energy systems and economies, legal innovations required to drive such transitions have not been given detailed analysis and consideration. This chapter develops a profile of law and governance innovations required to integrate and balance electricity generated from renewable energy sources (RES-E) with extant electricity grid structures in the Middle East, especially Gulf countries. It discusses the absence of renewable energy laws, the lack of legal frameworks on public–private partnerships, lack of robust pricing and financing, and lack of dedicated RES-E institutional framework. These are the main legal barriers that must be addressed if current national visions of a low-carbon transition across the Middle East are to move from mere political aspirations to realization.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Boudet ◽  
Chad Zanocco ◽  
Greg Stelmach ◽  
Mahmood Muttaqee ◽  
June Flora

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