NiMoFe/Cu nanowires core–shell catalyst for high-performance overall water splitting in neutral electrolytes

A bifunctional NiMoFe/Cu NWs core–shell catalyst assembled into a practical solar-driven overall water splitting system leads to an unprecedented solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of 10.99 % in neutral electrolytes, attributed to...

Design and Demonstration of Large Scale Cu2O Photocathodes with Metal Grid Structure for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Upscaling of photoelectrode for a practical photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting system is still challenging because the PEC performance of large-scale photoelectrode is significantly low, compared to the lab scale photoelectrode. In an effort to overcome this challenge, sputtered gold (Au) and copper (Cu) grid lines were introduced to improve the PEC performance of large-scale cuprous oxide (Cu2O) photocathode in this work. It was demonstrated that Cu grid lines are more effective than Au grid lines to improve the PEC performance of large-scale Cu2O photocathode because its intrinsic conductivity and quality of grid lines are better than ones containing Au grid lines. As a result, the PEC performance of a 25-cm2 scaled Cu2O photocathode with Cu grid lines was almost double than one without grid lines, resulting in an improved charge transport in the large area substrate by Cu grid lines. Finally, a 50-cm2 scaled Cu2O photocathode with Cu grid lines was tested in an outdoor condition under natural sun. This is the first outdoor PEC demonstration of large-scale Cu2O photocathode with Cu grid lines, which gives insight into the development of efficient upscaled PEC photoelectrode.

Open tray impression technique using a silica-nylon mesh for splitting implants: a case report

This article describes an alternative open tray technique for implant impressions using a novel reinforced silica-nylon mesh covered with acrylic resin as a splitting system in assembling the abutment complex. The purpose of the procedure is to simplify the technique and improve the resin contraction during clinical procedure, and also optimizes and reduces the chairside time for the patient. The clinical report was supported by an in vitro study where an analysis tool, Strain Gauge Analysis, was used to prove the clinical effectiveness of the technique. The peri-implant strain was determined on polyurethane casts with the torqued prosthesis, and statistically there was no difference in strain under torque of transfers or in the final prosthesis. The nylon mesh attached to acrylic resin represents a promising option for open tray impression technique, creating a resistant union to transfer in an excellent procedure time.

NiFeOx decorated Ge-hematite/perovskite for an efficient water splitting system

To boost the photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance of hematite photoanodes, high temperature annealing has been widely applied to enhance crystallinity, to improve the interface between the hematite-substrate interface, and to introduce tin-dopants from the substrate. However, when using additional dopants, the interaction between the unintentional tin and intentional dopant is poorly understood. Here, using germanium, we investigate how tin diffusion affects overall photoelectrochemical performance in germanium:tin co-doped systems. After revealing that germanium is a better dopant than tin, we develop a facile germanium-doping method which suppresses tin diffusion from the fluorine doped tin oxide substrate, significantly improving hematite performance. The NiFeOx@Ge-PH photoanode shows a photocurrent density of 4.6 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE with a low turn-on voltage. After combining with a perovskite solar cell, our tandem system achieves 4.8% solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency (3.9 mA cm−2 in NiFeOx@Ge-PH/perovskite solar water splitting system). Our work provides important insights on a promising diagnostic tool for future co-doping system design.