Otolith-visual interaction in the control of eye movement produced by sinusoidal vertical linear acceleration in alert cats

1991 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fukushima ◽  
J. Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Vertical Linear Acceleration ◽  
Visual Interaction ◽  
Alert Cats

scholarly journals Development of a new method for assessing otolith function in mice using three-dimensional binocular analysis of the otolith-ocular reflex

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shotaro Harada ◽  
Takao Imai ◽  
Yasumitsu Takimoto ◽  
Yumi Ohta ◽  
Takashi Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Inertial Force ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Axis ◽  
Gravitational Acceleration ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Translational Movement

AbstractIn the interaural direction, translational linear acceleration is loaded during lateral translational movement and gravitational acceleration is loaded during lateral tilting movement. These two types of acceleration induce eye movements via two kinds of otolith-ocular reflexes to compensate for movement and maintain clear vision: horizontal eye movement during translational movement, and torsional eye movement (torsion) during tilting movement. Although the two types of acceleration cannot be discriminated, the two otolith-ocular reflexes can distinguish them effectively. In the current study, we tested whether lateral-eyed mice exhibit both of these otolith-ocular reflexes. In addition, we propose a new index for assessing the otolith-ocular reflex in mice. During lateral translational movement, mice did not show appropriate horizontal eye movement, but exhibited unnecessary vertical torsion-like eye movement that compensated for the angle between the body axis and gravito-inertial acceleration (GIA; i.e., the sum of gravity and inertial force due to movement) by interpreting GIA as gravity. Using the new index (amplitude of vertical component of eye movement)/(angle between body axis and GIA), the mouse otolith-ocular reflex can be assessed without determining whether the otolith-ocular reflex is induced during translational movement or during tilting movement.

Existence in the nucleus incertus of the cat of horizontal-eye-movement-related neurons projecting to the cerebellar flocculus

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 1367-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cheron ◽  
S. Saussez ◽  
N. Gerrits ◽  
E. Godaux
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Retrograde Transport ◽  
Great Sensitivity ◽  
Antidromic Activation ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Cerebellar Flocculus ◽  
Nucleus Incertus ◽  
Alert Cats ◽  
Eye Velocity

1. Properties of nucleus incertus (NIC) neurons projecting to the cerebellar flocculus were studied in alert cats by using chronic unit and eye movement recording and antidromic activation. Projection of these neurons onto the flocculus was verified with retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase after injections in the flocculus. 2. Bipolar stimulation electrodes were implanted into the "middle" zone of each flocculus because this zone is known to be involved in the control of horizontal eye movements. The dorsomedial aspect of the pontine tegmentum was explored with microelectrodes during stimulation of both flocculi. The majority of neurons antidromically activated from the flocculus were found in the caudal part of the NIC. 3. Of the 69 neurons activated from the flocculus, 44 were classified as burst-tonic (BT) neurons; 34 discharged in relation with horizontal movements of the eye, 10 in relation with vertical movements. Of the 14 remaining neurons, 6 were not related to eye movements and 8 were classified as burst neurons. The BT neurons of the NIC displayed a great sensitivity to both horizontal eye position and horizontal eye velocity. 4. This study demonstrates the presence of a new group of horizontal eye movement related BT neurons situated in the NIC. The fact that they project to the horizontal floccular zone emphasizes the importance of the functional specialization of the different Purkinje cell zones.

scholarly journals Convergence of linear acceleration and yaw rotation signals on non-eye movement neurons in the vestibular nucleus of macaques

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn D. Newlands ◽  
Ben Abbatematteo ◽  
Min Wei ◽  
Laurel H. Carney ◽  
Hongge Luan
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Vestibular Nuclei ◽  
Otolith Organs ◽  
Angular Rotation ◽  
Sensory Signals ◽  
Nonlinear Integration

Roughly half of all vestibular nucleus neurons without eye movement sensitivity respond to both angular rotation and linear acceleration. Linear acceleration signals arise from otolith organs, and rotation signals arise from semicircular canals. In the vestibular nerve, these signals are carried by different afferents. Vestibular nucleus neurons represent the first point of convergence for these distinct sensory signals. This study systematically evaluated how rotational and translational signals interact in single neurons in the vestibular nuclei: multisensory integration at the first opportunity for convergence between these two independent vestibular sensory signals. Single-unit recordings were made from the vestibular nuclei of awake macaques during yaw rotation, translation in the horizontal plane, and combinations of rotation and translation at different frequencies. The overall response magnitude of the combined translation and rotation was generally less than the sum of the magnitudes in responses to the stimuli applied independently. However, we found that under conditions in which the peaks of the rotational and translational responses were coincident these signals were approximately additive. With presentation of rotation and translation at different frequencies, rotation was attenuated more than translation, regardless of which was at a higher frequency. These data suggest a nonlinear interaction between these two sensory modalities in the vestibular nuclei, in which coincident peak responses are proportionally stronger than other, off-peak interactions. These results are similar to those reported for other forms of multisensory integration, such as audio-visual integration in the superior colliculus. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to systematically explore the interaction of rotational and translational signals in the vestibular nuclei through independent manipulation. The results of this study demonstrate nonlinear integration leading to maximum response amplitude when the timing and direction of peak rotational and translational responses are coincident.

VERTICAL LINEAR ACCELERATION (OTOLITHIC-OCULAR RESPONSES)

1974 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1627-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. Kohut
Keyword(s):  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Vertical Linear Acceleration

Influence of Gravity Vector on Eye Movement Elicited by Linear Acceleration

1991 ◽  
Vol 111 (sup481) ◽  
pp. 64-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoyuki Hashiba ◽  
Joachim Wetzig ◽  
Rudolf von Baumgarten ◽  
Satoru Watanabe ◽  
Shunkichi Baba
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Gravity Vector

The interstitial nucleus of cajal (INC) is involved in generating downward fast eye movement in alert cats

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Kikuro Fukushima ◽  
Tsutomu Ohashi ◽  
Junko Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Interstitial Nucleus Of Cajal ◽  
Alert Cats
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