Chromosomal variability in tissue cultures and regenerated plants of Hordeum

1980 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Orton
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Chromosomal Variability

CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF PLANTS REGENERATED FROM OAT (AVENA SATIVA) TISSUE CULTURES; HIGH FREQUENCY OF PARTIAL CHROMOSOME LOSS

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. McCoy ◽  
R. L. Phillips ◽  
H. W. Rines
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Chromosome Breakage ◽  
Chromosome Loss ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Chromosomal Variability ◽  
Regeneration Cycle

The frequency and types of chromosomal variability in regenerated Avena sativa L. plants were assessed by detailed meiotic analysis on 655 regenerated plants. Tissue cultures were initiated from immature embryos of the varieties Lodi and Tippecanoe and maintained by monthly subculturing. Plants were regenerated from 4-, 8-, 12-, 16- and 20- month-old cultures. Regenerated plants with cytogenetic alterations were common, although Lodi cultures produced a higher frequency of cytogenetically abnormal plants at each regeneration cycle than Tippecanoe cultures. After four months in culture, 49% of Lodi regenerated plants were cytogenetically abnormal, whereas only 12% of Tippecanoe regenerated plants were abnormal. The frequency of cytogenetically abnormal, regenerated plants increased with culture age. After 20 months in culture 88% of Lodi regenerated plants and 48% of Tippecanoe regenerated plants were cytogenetically abnormal. The most common cytogenetic alteration was chromosome breakage, followed by loss of a chromosome segment resulting in a heteromorphic pair at diakinesis. Of the regenerated plants classified as cytogenetically abnormal, 41% of Lodi plants and 66% of Tippecanoe plants had lost a portion of one or more chromosomes. Other alterations included trisomy, monosomy and interchanges. Chromosome instability associated with oat tissue cultures has several possible uses.

Biosynthetic and cytological studies in tissue cultures and regenerated plants of haploid Atropa belladonna

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (21) ◽  
pp. 2781-2784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Eapen ◽  
T. S. Rangan ◽  
M. S. Chadha ◽  
M. R. Heble
Keyword(s):  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Haploid Plant ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Atropa Belladonna ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Alkaloid Contents

Tissue cultures have been established from leaves of one anther-derived haploid plant of Atropa belladonna L. Regenerants obtained from callus cultures were transferred to soil and reared to maturity. Callus cells and regenerants exhibited variable degrees of ploidy. The frequency of different ploidy levels in both the systems did not vary significantly during fifth to eighth serial passages.Callus tissue and regenerated plants (at flowering stage) were analyzed to determine the concentration of tropine, atropine, scopolamine, and total alkaloids. While the alkaloid content in callus cultures was very low (0.8 × 10−3%), the regenerated plants contained different levels of individual and total alkaloids. The ploidy of the plant had direct bearing on the individual and total alkaloid contents.

Cytogenetic stability of aneuploid maize tissue cultures

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Rhodes ◽  
R. L. Phillips ◽  
C. E. Green
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Chromosome Breakage ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Culture Initiation ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Recessive Mutations ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Genetic Stocks ◽  
Common Cell

Monosomic maize tissue cultures might be used to select recessive mutations of cellular traits. This strategy would avoid some of the problems encountered with haploid cultures such as lack of vigor, sterility of regenerated plants, and uncontrolled diploidization. Monosomic and other aneuploid plants were selected among progeny of W22 R/r-x1 crossed with genetic stocks containing recessive markers. The r-x1 allele induces aneuploidy at a frequency of about 15%. Immature tassels of selected plants were used to initiate totipotent tissue cultures. Plants were regenerated from the cultures over a period of 3 to 17 months after culture initiation. Meiotic karyotypes of microsporocytes and pollen sterility were analyzed in regenerated plants. At least 40% of the 161 plants regenerated from aneuploid cultures had altered karyotypes. This frequency was not related to culture age. Most alterations involved chromosome breakage rather than changes in chromosome number. Types of alterations included heteromorphic pairs (18.1%), translocations (12.5%), addition (10.6%) or loss (1.4%) of chromosomes, and genomic doubling (2.8%). Four euploid cultures, including one with a translocation, were equally unstable (49% with alterations among 115 plants). Euploid cultures gave rise to plants with translocations (12.3%), heteromorphic pairs (8.8%), and genomic doubling (29.2%), but no single chromosome additions or losses. Plants that shared a common distinctive karyotype, such as a specific translocation, were probably derived from a common cell line. Tassels with sectors of two different karyotypes were frequent in plants regenerated from aneuploid (20%) or euploid (33%) cultures. Coenocytic microsporocytes, which lacked cell walls between nuclei, were found in plants from monosomic-2, deficient-2L, and monosomic-6 cultures. Another aberration (23% of 144 regenerants) was lack of cell wall formation after the first and (or) second meiotic division, which was often followed by nuclear fusion. Karyotypic changes observed in this study rarely involved the monosomic chromosome, which means that monosomic tissue cultures could be used to select recessive mutants. Further tests would be needed to demonstrate that the selected gene resides in the monosomic chromosome.Key words: Zea mays, monosomic, trisomic, chromosome, somaclonal variation, karyotype.

scholarly journals Plant Regeneration in Coreopsis lanceolata L. from Leaf Tissue Cultures

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1353-1354
Author(s):  
Chiwon W. Lee ◽  
Joel T. Nichols ◽  
Lijuan Wang ◽  
Shanqiang Ke
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Regeneration Medium ◽  
Culture Initiation ◽  
Leaf Section ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Murashige Skoog

Excised leaf sections of lance coreopsis cultured on Murashige Skoog (MS) medium produced adventitious shoots in response to BA. When the combinations of 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 μm NAA with 0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 μm BA were tested, shoots were induced by any of the four BA concentrations used in the medium, regardless of the presence of NAA. The average number of shoots formed per leaf section ranged from 1.4 to 4.3 seven weeks after culture initiation. Roots were induced at the base of individual shoots on the same regeneration medium when cultures were kept longer than 7 weeks. The rooted plants were transferred successfully into soil. The regenerated plants had the same growth and flowering characteristics as the seed-grown plants. Chemical names used: benzyladenine (BA); naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

Chromosome instability in cell and tissue cultures and regenerated plants

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton J. Constantin
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Regenerated Plants

Highly frequent appearance of tetraploidy in regenerated plants, a universal phenomenon, in tissue cultures of melon (Cucumis melo L.)

Plant Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ezura ◽  
Hiroshi Amagai ◽  
Keiko Yoshioka ◽  
Katsuji Oosawa
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

scholarly journals Comparison of regeneration potentials in tissue cultures of primitive and cultivated tomato species (Lycopersicon sp.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lech ◽  
K. Miczyński ◽  
A. Pindel
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Lycopersicon Peruvianum ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Modified Ms Medium ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

Regeneration capacities of two tomato cultivars: Potentat and Rutgers, and of three accessions of wild tomato species: <em>Lycopersicon peruvianum</em> PI 128650, <em>L. peruvianum var. dentatum</em> PI 128655 and <em>L. glandulosum</em> were studied using an universal medium suitable for regeneration of those plants from leaf pieces in tissue culture. Fragments of leaf blades were taken from plants raised in greenhouse conditions and placed on a modified MS medium containing 0.3 mg/l IAA and 3.0 mg/l BAP solidified with 1% agar. The explants were transferred every 4-5 weeks on fresh medium of the same composition. It was shown that all the three primitive tomato species revealed much higher multiplication coefficients than the two cultivars. Appropriate values were: 11 - for <em>L. glandulosum</em>, 8 - for <em>L. peruvianum</em>, 7 - for <em>L. peruvianum var. dentatum</em>, 4 - for <em>L. esculentum</em> cv. Potentat and 2 - cv. Rutgers. Completely regenerated plants were obtained from all the tested species, but organogenesis occurred almost two weeks earlier in wild tomatoes than in the culitivated varieties of <em>L. esculentum</em>.

Medicinal Plant Research at Crossroads: Biotechnological Approaches for Conservation, Production and Stability in Tissue Cultures and Regenerated Plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 459-544
Author(s):  
Mihir Halder ◽  
Anrini Majumder ◽  
Smita Ray ◽  
Sumita Jha
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Plant Research

Effect of X‐ray Irradiation on Maize Inbred Line B73 Tissue Cultures and Regenerated Plants

Crop Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Wang ◽  
D. S. K. Cheng ◽  
J. B. Milcic ◽  
T. C. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Line ◽  
Maize Inbred Line ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Regenerated Plants

CHROMOSOME STABILITY IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) TISSUE CULTURES AND SECTORING IN SOME REGENERATED PLANTS

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. McCoy ◽  
R. L. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Recessive Mutation ◽  
Chromosome Stability ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Recessive Mutations ◽  
Regenerated Plants

Cytogenetic stability of maize (Zea mays L.) tissue cultures was assessed by meiotic analysis of plants regenerated from 4- and 8-month-old tissue cultures and by mitotic analysis of cultured cells 4 and 8 months after culture initiation. Cultures initiated from four embryos each of W22 R-nj R-nj × A188 and A188 × W22 R-nj R-nj were examined. After four months in culture, only one of 65 regenerated plants was abnormal; after eight months, only four of 59 regenerated plants were abnormal. Three of the five abnormal plants had normal and cytogenetically abnormal sectors in the tassels. Inheritance studies were conducted on 51 regenerated plants. Eight plants segregated in the S1 for recessive mutations resulting in defective kernels, and one plant segregated for a recessive mutation resulting in a wilted phenotype. Eight different plants that produced normal S1 progeny segregated for defective kernel mutations in some S1 families, indicating a lack of concordance between male and female reproductive cells in the original regenerated plant. The cytogenetic stability observed in regenerated plants also was observed in vitro, indicating that selection at the time of regeneration did not occur. Four hundred and thirty-four (97%) of the 449 cells analyzed in 4-month-old cultures had the normal 20-chromosome complement; 377 (95%) of the 398 cells analyzed in 8-month-old cultures were normal. These results indicate that chromosome stability is maintained in tissue cultures of A188 × W22 R-nj R-nj maize.

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