Restriction site polymorphism in the phosphoglycerate kinase gene on the X chromosome

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 217-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara H. Hutz ◽  
A. M. Michelson ◽  
S. E. Antonarakis ◽  
S. H. Orkin ◽  
H. H. Kazazian
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Restriction Site Polymorphism ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase Gene

Demethylation of specific sites in the 5' region of the inactive X-linked human phosphoglycerate kinase gene correlates with the appearance of nuclease sensitivity and gene expression

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4692-4699
Author(s):  
R S Hansen ◽  
N A Ellis ◽  
S M Gartler
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Hybrid Cell ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Inactive X Chromosome ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase Gene ◽  
Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase

X8/6T2, a hamster-human hybrid cell line which contains an inactive human X chromosome, was treated with 5-azacytidine and selected for derepression of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. Clones were examined for coreactivation of the phosphoglycerate kinase gene (Pgk). Of 68 of these hybrids, approximately 20% expressed measurable human phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) activity. A 600-base-pair region of the Pgk 5' CpG cluster was examined for the methylation status of eight CCGG sites (site 1 being 5'-most) in a number of PGK-negative and PGK-positive cell lines. The inactive X chromosome is normally methylated at all eight sites, and this was also true for the majority of X8/6T2 cells. However, several PGK-negative hybrids were demethylated in the site 3 to site 6 region. PGK activity correlated with demethylation at both sites 6 and 7. The data for PGK-positive and -negative hybrids indicate that demethylation at or near site 7 was necessary for reactivation of Pgk. Chromatin sensitivity to MspI digestion in the nuclei of male lymphoblastoid cells and several PGK-positive and PGK-negative hybrids was examined. PGK-positive cell lines were hypersensitive to digestion, while PGK-negative hybrids were resistant. Cleavage at sites 6 and 7 was observed in all PGK-positive cell lines at each MspI concentration examined. Sites 7 and 8 were less accessible to digestion than site 6. Cleavage in the site 2 to site 5 region was observable at the lowest MspI concentration. In most PGK-positive hybrids, a nonspecific endogenous nuclease detected the presence of a hypersensitive region spanning at least 450 base pairs, bounded at the 3' end near HpaII site 6. Nuclease hypersensitivity appears to be related to promoter activity, because sites 7 and 8 are in transcribed regions of the gene. These data indicate that specific sites within the CpG cluster have a dominant controlling influence over the Pgk promoter conformation and the transcriptional activation of Pgk.

The testis-specific phosphoglycerate kinase gene pgk-2 is a recruited retroposon

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3107-3112
Author(s):  
P H Boer ◽  
C N Adra ◽  
Y F Lau ◽  
M W McBurney
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Gene Duplication ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase Gene ◽  
Kinase A

In both humans and mice, two genes encode phosphoglycerate kinase, a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. The pgk-1 gene is expressed in all somatic cells, is located on the X chromosome, and contains 10 introns. The pgk-2 gene is expressed only in sperm cells, is located on an autosome, and has no introns. The nucleotide sequence of the pgk-2 gene suggests that it arose from pgk-1 more than 100 million years ago by RNA-mediated gene duplication. The pgk-2 gene may, then, be a transcribed retroposon. Thus, gene duplication by retroposition may have been used as a mechanism for evolutionary diversification.

Clonality in hepatocellular carcinoma: Analysis of methylation pattern of polymorphic X–chromosome-linked phosphoglycerate kinase gene in females

Hepatology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Shigenobu Kawai ◽  
Fumio Imazeki ◽  
Osamu Yokosuka ◽  
Masao Ohto ◽  
Shuichiro Shina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Methylation Pattern ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase Gene

scholarly journals Demethylation of specific sites in the 5' region of the inactive X-linked human phosphoglycerate kinase gene correlates with the appearance of nuclease sensitivity and gene expression.

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4692-4699 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Hansen ◽  
N A Ellis ◽  
S M Gartler
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Hybrid Cell ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Inactive X Chromosome ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase Gene ◽  
Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase

X8/6T2, a hamster-human hybrid cell line which contains an inactive human X chromosome, was treated with 5-azacytidine and selected for derepression of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. Clones were examined for coreactivation of the phosphoglycerate kinase gene (Pgk). Of 68 of these hybrids, approximately 20% expressed measurable human phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) activity. A 600-base-pair region of the Pgk 5' CpG cluster was examined for the methylation status of eight CCGG sites (site 1 being 5'-most) in a number of PGK-negative and PGK-positive cell lines. The inactive X chromosome is normally methylated at all eight sites, and this was also true for the majority of X8/6T2 cells. However, several PGK-negative hybrids were demethylated in the site 3 to site 6 region. PGK activity correlated with demethylation at both sites 6 and 7. The data for PGK-positive and -negative hybrids indicate that demethylation at or near site 7 was necessary for reactivation of Pgk. Chromatin sensitivity to MspI digestion in the nuclei of male lymphoblastoid cells and several PGK-positive and PGK-negative hybrids was examined. PGK-positive cell lines were hypersensitive to digestion, while PGK-negative hybrids were resistant. Cleavage at sites 6 and 7 was observed in all PGK-positive cell lines at each MspI concentration examined. Sites 7 and 8 were less accessible to digestion than site 6. Cleavage in the site 2 to site 5 region was observable at the lowest MspI concentration. In most PGK-positive hybrids, a nonspecific endogenous nuclease detected the presence of a hypersensitive region spanning at least 450 base pairs, bounded at the 3' end near HpaII site 6. Nuclease hypersensitivity appears to be related to promoter activity, because sites 7 and 8 are in transcribed regions of the gene. These data indicate that specific sites within the CpG cluster have a dominant controlling influence over the Pgk promoter conformation and the transcriptional activation of Pgk.

scholarly journals The testis-specific phosphoglycerate kinase gene pgk-2 is a recruited retroposon.

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3107-3112 ◽  
Author(s):  
P H Boer ◽  
C N Adra ◽  
Y F Lau ◽  
M W McBurney
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Gene Duplication ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase Gene ◽  
Kinase A

In both humans and mice, two genes encode phosphoglycerate kinase, a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. The pgk-1 gene is expressed in all somatic cells, is located on the X chromosome, and contains 10 introns. The pgk-2 gene is expressed only in sperm cells, is located on an autosome, and has no introns. The nucleotide sequence of the pgk-2 gene suggests that it arose from pgk-1 more than 100 million years ago by RNA-mediated gene duplication. The pgk-2 gene may, then, be a transcribed retroposon. Thus, gene duplication by retroposition may have been used as a mechanism for evolutionary diversification.

scholarly journals Nucleotide Sequence of a Wheat Chloroplastic Phosphoglycerate Kinase Gene

1995 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 1483-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Jones ◽  
C. A. Raines ◽  
J. C. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase Gene

Stimulation of Yeast 3-Phosphoglycerate Kinase Gene Promoter by Paraquat

2000 ◽  
Vol 270 (3) ◽  
pp. 1036-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neville Vassallo ◽  
Dolores R. Galea ◽  
William H. Bannister ◽  
Rena Balzan
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase Gene ◽  
Stimulation Of
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