Microspectrophotometry of the visual pigment of the spider crab Libinia emarginata

1969 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davis Hays ◽  
Timothy H. Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Spider Crab

scholarly journals Single and Multiple Visual Systems in Arthropods

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Wald
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Sensitivity ◽  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Color Discrimination ◽  
Visual Pigments ◽  
Green Crab ◽  
Spider Crab ◽  
Color Adaptation ◽  
Visual Systems

Extraction of two visual pigments from crayfish eyes prompted an electrophysiological examination of the role of visual pigments in the compound eyes of six arthropods. The intact animals were used; in crayfishes isolated eyestalks also. Thresholds were measured in terms of the absolute or relative numbers of photons per flash at various wavelengths needed to evoke a constant amplitude of electroretinogram, usually 50 µv. Two species of crayfish, as well as the green crab, possess blue- and red-sensitive receptors apparently arranged for color discrimination. In the northern crayfish, Orconectes virilis, the spectral sensitivity of the dark-adapted eye is maximal at about 550 mµ, and on adaptation to bright red or blue lights breaks into two functions with λmax respectively at about 435 and 565 mµ, apparently emanating from different receptors. The swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, displays a maximum sensitivity when dark-adapted at about 570 mµ, that breaks on color adaptation into blue- and red-sensitive functions with λmax about 450 and 575 mµ, again involving different receptors. Similarly the green crab, Carcinides maenas, presents a dark-adapted sensitivity maximal at about 510 mµ that divides on color adaptation into sensitivity curves maximal near 425 and 565 mµ. Each of these organisms thus possesses an apparatus adequate for at least two-color vision, resembling that of human green-blinds (deuteranopes). The visual pigments of the red-sensitive systems have been extracted from the crayfish eyes. The horse-shoe crab, Limulus, and the lobster each possesses a single visual system, with λmax respectively at 520 and 525 mµ. Each of these is invariant with color adaptation. In each case the visual pigment had already been identified in extracts. The spider crab, Libinia emarginata, presents another variation. It possesses two visual systems apparently differentiated, not for color discrimination but for use in dim and bright light, like vertebrate rods and cones. The spectral sensitivity of the dark-adapted eye is maximal at about 490 mµ and on light adaptation, whether to blue, red, or white light, is displaced toward shorter wavelengths in what is essentially a reverse Purkinje shift. In all these animals dark adaptation appears to involve two phases: a rapid, hyperbolic fall of log threshold associated probably with visual pigment regeneration, followed by a slow, almost linear fall of log threshold that may be associated with pigment migration.

Photoreceptor Morphology and Visual Pigment Content in the Retina of the Common White Sucker (Catostomus commersoni)

1997 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. N. Flamarique ◽  
F. I. Härosi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
The Common

Opsin gene sequence variation across phylogenetic and population histories inMysis(Crustacea: Mysida) does not match current light environments or visual-pigment absorbance spectra

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2176-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASTA AUDZIJONYTE ◽  
JOHAN PAHLBERG ◽  
MARTTA VILJANEN ◽  
KRISTIAN DONNER ◽  
RISTO VÄINÖLÄ
Keyword(s):  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Opsin Gene ◽  
Absorbance Spectra

First identification and localization of a visual pigment in Hydra (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

2001 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Musio ◽  
S. Santillo ◽  
C. Taddei-Ferretti ◽  
L.J. Robles ◽  
R. Vismara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Pigment

Insights from a lost visual pigment

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel H. Travis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Pigment

scholarly journals Direct Action of Light in Naturally Pigmented Muscle Fibers

1962 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard H. Seliger
Keyword(s):  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Absorption Maximum ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Action Spectrum ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Light Reaction ◽  
First Order ◽  
Iris Sphincter

Contraction due to light in excised eel irises appears to follow a simple first order law. The action spectrum for contraction has a maximum which agrees with the eel rhodopsin absorption maximum. Inasmuch as rhodopsin is the rod pigment-opsin complex and the iris sphincter pupillae evolves from the pigment epithelium of the retina in the region of the iris, the muscle pigment might be the same as the visual pigment. In the human eye the contraction of the iris sphincter is activated only by light incident on the retina and the pupil diameter varies inversely with the square root of the light intensity. The inverse first power relation observed in the present experiments suggests a more primitive origin for the light reaction in eel irises. Relaxation is a much slower process and can be approximated as the sum of two first order processes.

scholarly journals Mutually exclusive expression of human red and green visual pigment-reporter transgenes occurs at high frequency in murine cone photoreceptors

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 5251-5256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
P. M. Smallwood ◽  
M. Cowan ◽  
D. Blesh ◽  
A. Lawler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Cone Photoreceptors

Renewal of visual pigment in photoreceptors of the blowfly

1984 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Schwemer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Pigment
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