Cytotoxicity, DNA cross-linking, and DNA single-strand breaks induced by cyclophosphamide in a rat leukemia in vivo

1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Yi Wang ◽  
Greg Prorok ◽  
William P. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Single Strand ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Single Strand Breaks

scholarly journals DNA DAMAGE AND REPAIR IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
R B Painter
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Single Strand ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Base Damage ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Single Strand Breaks ◽  
Post Replication Repair

ABSTRACT Damage in DNA after irradiation can be classified into five kinds: base damage, single-strand breaks, double-strand breaks, DNA-DNA cross-linking, and DNA-protein cross-linking. Of these, repair of base damage is the best understood. In eukaryotes, at least three repair systems are known that can deal with base damage: photoreactivation, excision repair, and post-replication repair. Photoreactivation is specific for UV-induced damage and occurs widely throughout the biosphere, although it seems to be absent from placental mammals. Excision repair is present in prokaryotes and in animals but does not seem to be present in plants. Post-replication repair is poorly understood. Recent reports indicate that growing points in mammalian DNA simply skip past UV-induced lesions, leaving gaps in newly made DNA that are subsequently filled in by de novo synthesis. Evidence that this concept is oversimplified or incorrect is presented.—Single-strand breaks are induced by ionizing radiation but most cells can rapidly repair most or all of them, even after supralethal doses. The chemistry of the fragments formed when breaks are induced by ionizing radiation is complex and poorly understood. Therefore, the intermediate steps in the repair of single-strand breaks are unknown. Double-strand breaks and the two kinds of cross-linking have been studied very little and almost nothing is known about their mechanisms for repair.—The role of mammalian DNA repair in mutations is not known. Although there is evidence that defective repair can lead to cancer and/or premature aging in humans, the relationship between the molecular defects and the diseased state remains obscure.

Lack of DNA single-strand breaks in rat liver cells exposed to 4-acetylaminofluorene, in vivo and in vitro

1990 ◽  
Vol 244 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nizard ◽  
F. Decloître
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Single Strand ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Single Strand Breaks ◽  
Rat Liver Cells

OZONE-INDUCED DNA SINGLE STRAND-BREAKS IN GUINEA PIG TRACHEOBRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS IN VIVO

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiaw-Fen Ferng
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Single Strand ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Single Strand Breaks

Chemical Nature of Radiation-Induced Single-Strand Breaks in the DNA of Dormant Barley Seeds in Vivo

1973 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed El-Metainy ◽  
Shigemitsu Tano ◽  
Keiji Yano ◽  
Hikoyuki Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Single Strand ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Single Strand Breaks ◽  
Radiation Induced

scholarly journals Sensitive CometChip assay for screening potentially carcinogenic DNA adducts by trapping DNA repair intermediates

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. e13-e13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le P Ngo ◽  
Norah A Owiti ◽  
Carol Swartz ◽  
John Winters ◽  
Yang Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Dna Adducts ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Single Strand ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Single Strand Breaks ◽  
Bulky Dna Adducts ◽  
Dna Strand

Abstract Genotoxicity testing is critical for predicting adverse effects of pharmaceutical, industrial, and environmental chemicals. The alkaline comet assay is an established method for detecting DNA strand breaks, however, the assay does not detect potentially carcinogenic bulky adducts that can arise when metabolic enzymes convert pro-carcinogens into a highly DNA reactive products. To overcome this, we use DNA synthesis inhibitors (hydroxyurea and 1-β-d-arabinofuranosyl cytosine) to trap single strand breaks that are formed during nucleotide excision repair, which primarily removes bulky lesions. In this way, comet-undetectable bulky lesions are converted into comet-detectable single strand breaks. Moreover, we use HepaRG™ cells to recapitulate in vivo metabolic capacity, and leverage the CometChip platform (a higher throughput more sensitive comet assay) to create the ‘HepaCometChip’, enabling the detection of bulky genotoxic lesions that are missed by current genotoxicity screens. The HepaCometChip thus provides a broadly effective approach for detection of bulky DNA adducts.

Probing the Mechanism of the Carcinogenic Activation ofN-Nitrosodiethanolamine with Deuterium Isotope Effects:  In Vivo Induction of DNA Single-Strand Breaks and Related in Vitro Assays

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1556-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard N. Loeppky ◽  
Anne Fuchs ◽  
Christine Janzowski ◽  
Christina Humberd ◽  
Petra Goelzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Single Strand ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Single Strand Breaks ◽  
Deuterium Isotope Effects ◽  
In Vivo Induction

Induction of single-strand breaks plus alkali-labile bonds by N-nitrosoureas in rat tissues in vivo: Ethylnitrosourea versus benzylnitrosourea

1983 ◽  
Vol 108 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Su ◽  
D.E. Brash ◽  
M.J.W. Chang ◽  
R.W. Hart ◽  
S.M. D'Ambrosio
Keyword(s):  
Single Strand ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Single Strand Breaks

DNA single-strand breaks induced by 3 cross-linking agents

1988 ◽  
Vol 203 (5) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Yajima ◽  
S. Hochi ◽  
T. Kishi ◽  
G. Kawanishi
Keyword(s):  
Single Strand ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Single Strand Breaks
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