Cognitive therapy for depression: Individual differences and the process of change

Objective: Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a promising psychosocial intervention for adult ADHD. The feasibility and effectiveness of an adapted MBCT program is explored, together with the possible process of change. Method: Mixed-method study with 31 ADHD patients participating in an adapted MBCT program. Self-report questionnaires on ADHD symptoms, executive functioning, mindfulness skills, self-compassion, patient functioning, and health status were administered before and after MBCT. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 patients. Results: A modest drop-out of n = 5 (16%) was found. MBCT resulted in a significant reduction of ADHD symptoms and improvements of executive functioning, self-compassion, and mental health. Qualitative analysis provided insight in facilitators and barriers participants experienced, and their process of change. Conclusion: The adapted MBCT program seemed to be feasible for adults with ADHD and preliminary evidence for the effectiveness is shown. An adequately powered Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) is needed to further examine the effectiveness of MBCT for ADHD.

Download Full-text

Expanding the Cognitive Therapy Model: Imagery, Meditation, and Hypnosis

Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1891/jcop.18.4.351.64005 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 351-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thomas E. Dowd

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Cognitive Therapy ◽

Therapeutic Practice ◽

Therapy Model

This article describes various types of imagery-based interventions, including meditation, variations of imagery, and hypnosis. Comparisons and contrasts are made among the different techniques developed over the years and examples of each are given. The techniques are conceptually based on a model of individual differences in hypnotic ability or susceptibility. Implications for therapeutic practice are discussed.

Download Full-text

Client Uncertainty and the Process of Change in Psychotherapy: The Impact of Individual Differences in Self-concept Clarity and Intolerance of Uncertainty

Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy ◽

10.1007/s10879-007-9068-7 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 55-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Catherine Leite ◽

Nicholas A. Kuiper

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽

Self Concept ◽

Process Of Change ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

The process of change in cognitive therapy for depression when combined with antidepressant medication: Predictors of early intersession symptom gains.

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology ◽

10.1037/a0029281 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 80 (5) ◽

pp. 730-738 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Daniel R. Strunk ◽

Andrew A. Cooper ◽

Elizabeth T. Ryan ◽

Robert J. DeRubeis ◽

Steven D. Hollon

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Therapy ◽

Antidepressant Medication ◽

Process Of Change

Download Full-text

How Do the Features of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Contribute to Positive Therapeutic Change? A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Studies

Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1017/s1352465813000945 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 342-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Victoria Cairns ◽

Craig Murray

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Therapy ◽

Complex Interaction ◽

Therapeutic Change ◽

Qualitative Studies ◽

Qualitative Investigation ◽

Process Of Change ◽

Group Iii ◽

Area Of Interest ◽

The Impact

Background: The exploration of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy through qualitative investigation is a growing area of interest within current literature, providing valuable understanding of the process of change experienced by those engaging in this therapeutic approach. Aims: This meta-synthesis aims to gain a deeper understanding of how the features of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy contribute to positive therapeutic change. Method: Noblit and Hare's (1988) 7-step meta-ethnography method was conducted in order to synthesize the findings of seven qualitative studies. Results: The process of reciprocal translation identified the following five major themes: i) Taking control through understanding, awareness and acceptance; ii) The impact of the group; (iii) Taking skills into everyday life; (iv) Feelings towards the self; (v) The role of expectations. Conclusion: The synthesis of translation identified the higher order concept of “The Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy Journey to Change”, which depicts the complex interaction between the five themes in relation to how they contribute to positive therapeutic change. The findings are discussed in relation to previous research, theory and their implications for clinical practice.

Download Full-text

TWO CHAIRS, SELF-SCHEMATA AND A PERSON BASED APPROACH TO PSYCHOSIS

Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1017/s1352465803004053 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 439-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Paul Chadwick

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Therapy ◽

Experiential Therapy ◽

Process Of Change ◽

New Model ◽

Self Schema

Greenberg, Rice and Elliott (1993) elaborate in detail different applications of the two-chair method within an experiential therapy framework. In the present paper we present an adapted two-chair method for use in cognitive therapy. The principal aims of the adapted method are to elaborate a positive self-schema that has an emotional (“lived”) quality, and to use this experience to create a new model of self as emotionally and cognitively varied and changing. Procedurally, the first two steps are to (1) summarize the negative self-schema (Chair 1) and (2) draw out a positive self-schema (Chair 2). In Steps 3 and 4 the client remains in Chair 2 and is encouraged to accept the two self-schemata, and to integrate them both within a broader, more diverse metacognitive model of self. We present key themes from analysis of two clients' reflections on the method, which highlight issues of generalization and the process of change, and conclude with clinical and research implications.

Download Full-text