Ciclosporin and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins in endocrine orbitopathy

1989 ◽  
Vol 189 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kahaly ◽  
J. P. Yuan ◽  
U. Krause ◽  
K. Hülbusch ◽  
J. Beyer
1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Ollis ◽  
S. Tomlinson ◽  
D. S. Munro

Graves’ disease is the commonest form of hyperthyroidism in which excessive production of thyroid hormones by the hyperplastic overactive thyroid gland produces elevated serum levels of the thyroid hormones tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Many of the manifestations of Graves’ disease, increased basal metabolic rate, increased heart rate, heat intolerance, sweating and nervousness, can be attributed to the peripheral actions of the excess thyroid hormones. The pathogenesis of many of the other dramatic features of Graves’ disease, such as the eye involvement or localized skin changes, is not fully understood, but circulating immunoglobulins with thyroid stimulating activity are almost certainly linked to excess thyroid hormone production and thereby cause the hyperthyroidism.


1980 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 894-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
C S Teng ◽  
T C Tong ◽  
J H Hutchison ◽  
R T Yeung

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1401-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Sandrock ◽  
Alan Terry ◽  
Jeff C Martin ◽  
Evrim Erdogan ◽  
Wayne A Meikle

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIANFRANCO FENZI ◽  
KIYOSHI HASHIZUME ◽  
CORBIN P. ROUDEBUSH ◽  
LESLIE J. DEGROOT

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hierl ◽  
H. Huempfner-Hierl ◽  
I. Sterker ◽  
M. Krause

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