Active phosphate transport across the urinary bladder of the toad,Bufo marinus

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy B. Sellers ◽  
Julia A. Hall ◽  
Carol W. Both ◽  
Stanley A. Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Phosphate Transport ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Toad Bufo

DIRECTIONAL DIFFERENCES IN THE PERMEABILITY TO WATER OF THE ISOLATED URINARY BLADDER OF THE TOAD, BUFO MARINUS

1961 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. BENTLEY
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Osmotic Gradient ◽  
Serosal Side ◽  
Toad Bufo

SUMMARY 1. If the osmotic gradient is favourable vasopressin increases the rate of water movement across the bladder of the toad from the serosal to the epithelial side, which is the opposite direction to that seen physiologically. 2. Water transfer down an osmotic gradient is 1·8 times more rapid towards the serosal than towards the epithelial side. Vasopressin increases this difference so that water is moving 4·9 times as rapidly to the serosal side. Iodoacetate reduces this effect of vasopressin. 3. If water is moving down an osmotic gradient towards the anode, a higher electric current increases the water movement in the presence, but not in the absence, of vasopressin. If water movement is taking place towards the cathode an increased current has no effect. 4. With vasopressin present, absence of sodium on the epithelial side of the bladder reduces water transfer down an osmotic gradient towards the serosal side, but has no effect on water movement down an osmotic gradient in the opposite direction.

Somatostatin: occurrence in urinary bladder epithelium and renal tubules of the toad, Bufo marinus

Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 210 (4470) ◽  
pp. 644-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bolaffi ◽  
S Reichlin ◽  
D. Goodman ◽  
J. Forrest
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Bladder Epithelium ◽  
Toad Bufo

THE EFFECTS OF NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL EXTRACTS ON WATER TRANSFER ACROSS THE WALL OF THE ISOLATED URINARY BLADDER OF THE TOAD BUFO MARINUS

1958 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. BENTLEY
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Osmotic Gradient ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Toad Bufo

SUMMARY 1. An in vitro preparation of the urinary bladder of Bufo marinus is described. 2. Small doses of 'Pituitrin' markedly increase the rate of water transfer across the bladder wall when the solutions inside the bladder are hypotonic. 3. Passive movement is small and increases slightly with increases in the osmotic gradient across the bladder wall. It is unaffected by changes in substrate levels or any of the metabolic inhibitors tested except for cyanide which increases it in some cases. 4. The vasopressor neurohypophysial fraction is more active than the oxytocic one in increasing water transfer across the bladder wall. 5. The increase in water transfer depends on an intact oxygen supply and sufficient glucose or pyruvate. 6. Iodoacetate, malonate, cyanide, 2–4-dinitrophenol, and bubbling 5% CO2+95% O2 through Ringer's solution inhibit the water transfer in response to neurohypophysial extract. 7. Diamox is only an effective inhibitor at very high concentrations. 8. The possible mechanism of the water transfer is discussed.

An Inhibitor of Oxytocin from the Urinary Bladder of the Toad, Bufo marinus

Nature ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 207 (5004) ◽  
pp. 1401-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR KARLIN ◽  
NORBERT I. A. OVERWEG
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Toad Bufo

Histochemistry of the aldosterone-stimulated urinary bladder of the toad,Bufo marinus

1970 ◽  
Vol 168 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Symonds ◽  
Thomas L. Lentz
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Toad Bufo

scholarly journals HISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF CATECHOLAMINES IN THE URINARY BLADDER OF THE TOAD (BUFO MARINUS)

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 538-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. MCLEAN ◽  
G. BURNSTOCK
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Histochemical Localization ◽  
Reserpine Treatment ◽  
Appreciable Increase ◽  
Nerve Bundles ◽  
Fluorescent Cells ◽  
Toad Bufo ◽  
Whole Mounts

Fluorescent histochemical localization of monoamines in whole mounts of the bladder of the toad ( Bufo marinus) revealed bundles of fluorescent nerves containing predominantly adrenaline. These formed a wide meshed net work about arteries but not veins. A small proportion of muscle bundles was supplied by fine varicose fluorescent nerves. Loading with adrenaline or noradrenaline increased the intensity of the fluorescence in the nerves, but produced no appreciable increase in the number of muscle bundles supplied by fluorescent nerves. Large, brilliantly fluorescent cells containing a primary monoamine were located along nerve bundles. Chronic reserpine treatment abolished the fluorescence in nerves but not in these cells. Ganglion cells showed no specific fluorescence, nor did fluorescent terminals impinge on them, but many ganglion cells contained autofluorescent granules. The significance of the presence and localization of catecholamines in the toad bladder is discussed in relation to the pharmacology of the organ and to histochemical investigations of the innervation in other vertebrate bladders.

THE EFFECTS OF IONIC CHANGES ON WATER TRANSFER ACROSS THE ISOLATED URINARY BLADDER OF THE TOAD BUFO MARINUS

1959 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. BENTLEY
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Serosal Side ◽  
Ionic Changes ◽  
Toad Bufo

SUMMARY 1. The effects of ionic changes in the bath fluids on water transfer across an in vitro preparation of the urinary bladder of the toad Bufo marinus were investigated. 2. Calcium was necessary to maintain the normal low permeability of the bladder to water in the absence of Pituitrin. Magnesium, strontium and manganese but not barium could substitute for calcium. 3. With low concentration of calcium there was a reduction in the water transfer across the bladder wall in response to Pituitrin and no other divalent ion could substitute for calcium. 4. Exclusion of potassium from the serosal side of the bladder reduced the water transfer in the presence of Pituitrin. Increase in potassium concentration above normal levels also inhibited the response to hormone. When no Pituitrin was present there was no change in water loss from the bladder with alterations in potassium concentration. Absence of potassium from the epithelial side of the bladder had no effect whether Pituitrin was present or not. 5. The presence of sodium on the epithelial side increased the water transfer in response to Pituitrin and neither lithium, choline nor potassium could substitute for it. Replacement of 50% of the sodium chloride on the serosal side of the bladder by choline chloride decreased the water transfer in response to Pituitrin.

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