Three-dimensional distribution of collateral blood flow within the anatomic area at risk after circumflex coronary artery occlusion in dogs

1987 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Reimer ◽  
J. B. Long ◽  
C. E. Murry ◽  
R. B. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coronary Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Collateral Blood Flow ◽  
Circumflex Coronary Artery ◽  
Area At Risk ◽  
Dimensional Distribution

Responses to coronary artery occlusion in conscious dogs with selective cardiac denervation

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (3) ◽  
pp. H525-H533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. T. Shen ◽  
D. R. Knight ◽  
S. F. Vatner ◽  
W. C. Randall ◽  
J. X. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Coronary Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Area At Risk ◽  
Cardiac Denervation

The extent to which cardiac denervation alters responses to myocardial ischemia remains controversial. This study compared responses to 24-h coronary artery occlusion (CAO) on measurements of wall thickness (ultrasonic crystals), regional myocardial blood flow (microspheres), and infarct size (triphenyltetrazolium chloride technique) in three groups of conscious dogs with 1) selective posterior left ventricular (LV) wall denervation, 2) selective ventricular denervation, or in 3) intact dogs. After CAO, hemodynamic changes were not different among the three groups. Wall thickening in the ischemic zone became akinetic or paradoxical early after CAO and did not recover in any group over the 24-h monitoring period. Blood flow in the area at risk fell similarly in all groups. Infarct size, as a percentage of the area at risk, was 45 +/- 7% in intact, 48 +/- 6% in posterior LV wall-denervated, and 48 +/- 8% in ventricular-denervated group. There was, however, a lower (P less than 0.05) frequency of arrhythmic beats per minute after 3 h of CAO in the ventricular-denervated group (3.2 +/- 1.4) compared with the intact (11.3 +/- 4.1) or posterior wall-denervated (12.6 +/- 3.2) group. An additional group of ventricular-denervated dogs was studied to determine the effects of sequential, brief 2-min CAO at 2, 4, and 8 wk after denervation. Responses of regional wall thickening to CAO were not affected significantly even after 8 wk following ventricular denervation. Thus, in conscious dogs, neither selective ventricular denervation nor selective denervation of the posterior LV wall improved collateral blood flow, affected regional function favorably, or reduced infarct size after CAO.

Augmentation of collateral blood flow to the ischaemic myocardium by oxygen inhalation following experimental coronary artery occlusion

1979 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. T. RIBEIRO ◽  
E. K. LOUIE ◽  
M. A. DAVIS ◽  
P. R. MAROKO
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Collateral Blood Flow ◽  
Ischaemic Myocardium ◽  
Oxygen Inhalation

Is Isoflurane-induced Preconditioning Dose Related?

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Kehl ◽  
John G. Krolikowski ◽  
Boris Mraovic ◽  
Paul S. Pagel ◽  
David C. Warltier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Coronary Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Collateral Blood Flow ◽  
Area At Risk ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Coronary Collateral Blood Flow

Background Volatile anesthetics precondition against myocardial infarction, but it is unknown whether this beneficial action is threshold- or dose-dependent. The authors tested the hypothesis that isoflurane decreases myocardial infarct size in a dose-dependent fashion in vivo. Methods Barbiturate-anesthetized dogs (n = 40) were instrumented for measurement of systemic hemodynamics including aortic and left ventricular pressures and rate of increase of left ventricular pressure. Dogs were subjected to a 60-min left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 h of reperfusion and were randomly assigned to receive either 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.25 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) isoflurane in separate groups. Isoflurane was administered for 30 min and discontinued 30 min before left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. Results Infarct size (triphenyltetrazolium staining) was 29 +/- 2% of the area at risk in control experiments (0.0 MAC). Isoflurane produced significant (P < 0.05) reductions of infarct size (17 +/- 3, 13 +/- 1, 14 +/- 2, and 11 +/- 1% of the area at risk during 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.25 MAC, respectively). Infarct size was inversely related to coronary collateral blood flow (radioactive microspheres) in control experiments and during low (0.25 or 0.5 MAC) but not higher concentrations of isoflurane. Isoflurane shifted the linear regression relation between infarct size and collateral perfusion downward (indicating cardioprotection) in a dose-dependent fashion. Conclusions Concentrations of isoflurane as low as 0.25 MAC are sufficient to precondition myocardium against infarction. High concentrations of isoflurane may have greater efficacy to protect myocardium during conditions of low coronary collateral blood flow.

Effect of hyperoxia on regional blood flow after coronary occlusion in awake dogs

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (2) ◽  
pp. H244-H248 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rivas ◽  
J. C. Rembert ◽  
R. J. Bache ◽  
F. R. Cobb ◽  
J. C. Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Myocardial Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Regional Myocardial Blood Flow ◽  
Circumflex Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Circumflex Coronary Artery ◽  
Oxygen Inhalation

The effect of 100% oxygen inhalation on regional transmural myocardial blood flow following 45 s of actue total left circumflex coronary artery occlusion was studied in six awake dogs chronically instrumented with a coronary occluder and catheters in the aorta and left atrium. After inhalation of either room air or 100% oxygen for at least 30 min and following the 45-s occlusion, transmural myocardial blood flow was determined with radioactive microspheres (7--10 micrometers). Each dog underwent two occlusions of the left circumflex coronary artery; one during inhalation of rrom air and the other during 100% oxygen. During room air inhalation, mean regional myocardial blood flow to nonischemic, intermediate, and ischemic regions was 0.92 +/- 0.05, 0.51 +/- 0.08, and 0.10 +/- 0.02 ml . min-1 . g-1, respectively. During 100% oxygen administration, flow was significantly diminished in each region to 0.75 +/- 0.04, 0.41 +/- 0.07, and 0.06 +/- 0.01 ml . min-1 . g-1, respectively. Transmural blood flow to each layer was uniformly reduced in all regions. These data indicate that 100% oxygen further reduces myocardial blood flow to ischemic regions.

Collateral Blood Flow Following Acute Coronary Artery Occlusion

1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil E. Farber ◽  
Garrett J. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Collateral Blood Flow

Reactive oxygen species are critical mediators of coronary collateral development in a canine model

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (4) ◽  
pp. H1582-H1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidong Gu ◽  
Dorothee Weihrauch ◽  
Katsuya Tanaka ◽  
John P. Tessmer ◽  
Paul S. Pagel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Coronary Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Collateral Blood Flow ◽  
Collateral Development ◽  
Coronary Collateral

Recent evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle (VSMC) and endothelial cells (EC). We tested the hypothesis that ROS serve as crucial messengers during coronary collateral development. Dogs were subjected to brief (2 min), repetitive coronary artery occlusions (1/h, 8/day, 21 day duration) in the absence (occlusion, n = 8) or presence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (occlusion + NAC, n = 8). A sham group ( n = 8) was instrumented identically but received no occlusions. In separate experiments, ROS generation after a single 2-min coronary artery occlusion was assessed with dihydroethidium fluorescence. Coronary collateral blood flow (expressed as a percentage of normal zone flow) was significantly increased (71 ± 7%) in occlusion dogs after 21 days but remained unchanged (13 ± 3%) in sham dogs. Treatment with NAC attenuated increases in collateral blood flow (28 ± 8%). Brief coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion caused ROS production (256 ± 33% of baseline values), which was abolished with NAC (104 ± 12%). Myocardial interstitial fluid produced tube formation and proliferation of VSMC and EC in occlusion but not in NAC-treated or sham dogs. The results indicate that ROS are critical for the development of the coronary collateral circulation.

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