Recent developments in biokinetic models and the calculation of internal dose coefficients

1997 ◽  
Vol 226 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
T. P. Fell ◽  
A. W. Phipps ◽  
G. M. Kendall ◽  
G. N. Stradling
2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Eun Kwon ◽  
MinSeok Park ◽  
Gyu-Hwan Jung ◽  
Yoonsun Chung ◽  
Wi-Ho Ha ◽  
...  

Abstract Iodine thyroid blocking (ITB) suppresses the uptake of iodine to the thyroid and reduces internal doses after radioiodine intake; however, its disturbance of thyroid biokinetics causes considerable uncertainty in the use of dosimetric data intended for assessment of unblocked normal thyroid. To more accurately assess internal dose after ITB, practical dosimetry methods were proposed that consider the ITB effect in a dosimetric manner. A method using the ratio of urine excretion to thyroid retention activity was proposed to retrospectively determine individual-specific ITB levels; bioassay functions and dose coefficients corresponding to ITB levels were calculated separately using the latest biokinetic model and fundamental data. Moreover, insensitive measurement points of time, which led to similar results regardless of ITB level, were determined based on the dose per unit content. Proposed insensitive points for inhalation of vapour forms and particulate forms, respectively, were 1.5 days and 2 days after exposure.


2022 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dunstana R. Melo ◽  
Luiz Bertelli ◽  
Shawki A. Ibrahim ◽  
Lynn R. Anspaugh ◽  
André Bouville ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 03011
Author(s):  
Kentaro Manabe ◽  
Kaoru Sato ◽  
Fumiaki Takahashi

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-682
Author(s):  
Vladimir Spielmann ◽  
Wei Bo Li ◽  
Maria Zankl ◽  
Juan Camilo Ocampo Ramos ◽  
Nina Petoussi-Henss

Abstract Radioactive cerium and other lanthanides can be transported through the aquatic system into foodstuffs and then be incorporated by humans. Information on the uncertainty of reported dose coefficients for exposed members of the public is then needed for risk analysis. In this study, uncertainties of dose coefficients due to the ingestion of the radionuclides 141Ce and 144Ce were estimated. According to the schema of internal dose calculation, a general statistical method based on the propagation of uncertainty was developed. The method takes into account the uncertainties contributed by the biokinetic models and by the so-called S values. These S-values were derived by using Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations with five adult non-reference voxel computational phantoms that have been developed at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany. Random and Latin hypercube sampling techniques were applied to sample parameters of biokinetic models and S values. The uncertainty factors, expressed as the square root of the 97.5th and 2.5th percentile ratios, for organ equivalent dose coefficients of 141Ce were found to be in the range of 1.2–5.1 and for 144Ce in the range of 1.2–7.4. The uncertainty factor of the detriment-weighted dose coefficient for 141Ce is 2.5 and for 144Ce 3.9. It is concluded that a general statistical method for calculating the uncertainty of dose coefficients was developed and applied to the lanthanide cerium. The dose uncertainties obtained provide improved dose coefficients for radiation risk analysis of humans. Furthermore, these uncertainties can be used to identify those parameters most important in internal dose calculations by applying sensitivity analyses.


Author(s):  
C. Colliex ◽  
P. Trebbia

The physical foundations for the use of electron energy loss spectroscopy towards analytical purposes, seem now rather well established and have been extensively discussed through recent publications. In this brief review we intend only to mention most recent developments in this field, which became available to our knowledge. We derive also some lines of discussion to define more clearly the limits of this analytical technique in materials science problems.The spectral information carried in both low ( 0<ΔE<100eV ) and high ( >100eV ) energy regions of the loss spectrum, is capable to provide quantitative results. Spectrometers have therefore been designed to work with all kinds of electron microscopes and to cover large energy ranges for the detection of inelastically scattered electrons (for instance the L-edge of molybdenum at 2500eV has been measured by van Zuylen with primary electrons of 80 kV). It is rather easy to fix a post-specimen magnetic optics on a STEM, but Crewe has recently underlined that great care should be devoted to optimize the collecting power and the energy resolution of the whole system.


Author(s):  
Kent McDonald

At the light microscope level the recent developments and interest in antibody technology have permitted the localization of certain non-microtubule proteins within the mitotic spindle, e.g., calmodulin, actin, intermediate filaments, protein kinases and various microtubule associated proteins. Also, the use of fluorescent probes like chlorotetracycline suggest the presence of membranes in the spindle. Localization of non-microtubule structures in the spindle at the EM level has been less rewarding. Some mitosis researchers, e.g., Rarer, have maintained that actin is involved in mitosis movements though the bulk of evidence argues against this interpretation. Others suggest that a microtrabecular network such as found in chromatophore granule movement might be a possible force generator but there is little evidence for or against this view. At the level of regulation of spindle function, Harris and more recently Hepler have argued for the importance of studying spindle membranes. Hepler also believes that membranes might play a structural or mechanical role in moving chromosomes.


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