Long-term variations of the location of the upper boundary of the hydrogen-sulphide zone in the Black Sea

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
A. M. Suvorov ◽  
A. Kh. Khaliulin ◽  
E. A. Godin
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Long Term Variations ◽  
Upper Boundary

Morphology and Pipeline Design Through a Dynamic Landfall Area: The Black Sea Pipeline Case

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chen ◽  
Marco Venturi ◽  
R. Bijker
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pipeline Route ◽  
Long Term Variations

The Blue Stream pipeline project is a gas transportation system for the delivery of processed gas from a gas station in the southern Russia across the Black Sea to Ankara, Turkey. The Turkish landfall of the offshore pipeline in the Black Sea is located near Samsun, see Figure 1 for the pipeline route. One of the main aspects of the design of pipeline through a morphologically dynamic area such as landfall is the required burial depth (Chen et al, 1998, 2001 and Bijker et al 1995). The burial depth is the result of an optimisation between: • safety of the pipeline (which often requires a large burial depth), and • environmental impact and trenching costs (a small burial depth means less dredging and less environmental impact). This paper presents a method of predicting the future extremely low seabed level in a morphologically dynamic landfall area, which is required to determine the burial depth of the pipeline. Both short term and long term coast evolution were assessed to quantify the expected lowest seabed level along the pipeline route in the landfall area during the pipeline lifetime of 50 years. The results were used to determine the required pipeline burial depth. The long term morphological changes originate from long term variations in the morphological system (e.g. river input), gradient in the longshore sediment transport and long term variations in the hydrodynamic conditions. The short-term morphological changes originate from beach profile variations due to cross-shore sediment transport as a result of seasonal and yearly variations in the wave and current conditions. Numerical modelling was applied to compute the longshore and cross-shore sediment transport rates and the resulting coastline evolution and cross-shore profile evolution. The longshore transport model was validated using the available data on the coastline changes in the past 20 years, which was derived from the satellite images. The 50-year lowest seabed level has been determined as the sum of the coastline retreat and the cross-shore evolution in the next 50 years.

Long-term variations of the Black Sea dynamics and their impact on the marine ecosystem

2016 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 80-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arseny A. Kubryakov ◽  
Sergey V. Stanichny ◽  
Andrey G. Zatsepin ◽  
Viacheslav V. Kremenetskiy
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Long Term Variations

Intraannual and long-term variations of the carbonate system of the aerobic zone in the black sea

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-450
Author(s):  
O. G. Moiseenko ◽  
S. K. Konovalov ◽  
O. N. Kozlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Carbonate System ◽  
Aerobic Zone ◽  
Long Term Variations

Long-term variations of wind and wave conditions in the coastal regions of the Black Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adem Akpınar ◽  
Bilal Bingölbali
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Wave Conditions ◽  
Long Term Variations

HYDROGEN FROM HYDROGEN SULPHIDE IN BLACK SEA

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
S. Z. Baykara ◽  
E. H. Figen ◽  
A. Kale ◽  
T. N. Veziroglu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Fuel Processing ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Hydrogen sulphide, an acid gas, is generally considered an environmental pollutant. As an industrial byproduct, it is produced mostly during fuel processing. Hydrogen sulphide occurs naturally in many gas wells and also in gas hydrates and gas-saturated sediments especially at the bottom of the Black Sea where 90% of the sea water is anaerobic.The anoxic conditions exist in the deepest parts of the basin since nearly 7300 years, caused by the density stratification following the significant influx of the Mediterranean water through the Bosphorous nearly 9000 years ago. Here, H2S is believed to be produced by sulphur reducing bacteria at an approximate rate of 10 000 tons per day, and it poses a serious threat since it keeps reducing the life in the Black Sea. An oxygen–hydrogen sulphide interface is established at 150–200 m below the surface after which H2S concentration starts increasing regularly until 1000 m, and finally reaches a nearly constant value of 9.5 mg/l around 1500 m depth.Hydrogen sulphide potentially has economic value if both sulphur and hydrogen can be recovered. Several methods are studied for H2S decomposition, including thermal, thermochemical, electrochemical, photochemical and plasmochemical methods.In the present work, H2S potential in the Black Sea is investigated as a source of hydrogen, an evaluation of the developing prominent techniques for hydrogen production from H2S is made, and an engineering assessment is carried out regarding hydrogen production from H2S in the Black Sea using a process design based on the catalytic solar thermolysis approach. Possibility of a modular plant is considered for production at larger scale.

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