Diester waxes containing 2-hydroxy fatty acids from the uropygial gland secretion of the white stork (Ciconia ciconia)

Lipids ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 816-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Gland Secretion ◽  
White Stork ◽  
Uropygial Gland ◽  
Ciconia Ciconia ◽  
Uropygial Gland Secretion

Zur Chemotaxonomie der Corviden, II. Die Bürzelsekrete von Eichelhäher (Garrulus glandariusJ, Elster (Pica pica), Alpendohle (Pyrrhocorax graculus) und Kolkrabe ( Corvus corax) / Chemotaxonomy of Corvidae, II. The Uropygial Gland Secretion from the Jay (Garrulus glandarius), Magpie (Pica pica), Alpine Chough (Pyrrhocorax graculus), and Raven (Corvus corax)

1974 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Poltz ◽  
Jürgen Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gland Secretion ◽  
Uropygial Gland ◽  
Pica Pica ◽  
Corvus Corax ◽  
Garrulus Glandarius ◽  
The Family ◽  
Uropygial Gland Secretion ◽  
Branched Alcohols

The uropygial gland fats from four species of the family Corvidae are found to be mainly mono­ ester waxes, which consist of mono-, di-, and trimethyl substituted fatty acids and n- and methyl-branched alcohols. The positions of all methyl brandlings are even-numbered, the 2-position is preferred. About 2 - 40% of the secretions consist of triester waxes: Alkyl-hydroxy-malonic acids esterified with n-fatty acids and n-alcohols. Waxes of this type are very common in the uropygial gland fats of birds and therefore, in opposite to the monoester waxes, they are not usable for a chemotaxo­ nomy of birds.

Bürzeldrüsensekrete von Spechten (Piciformes) / The Uropygial Gland Secretion of Woodpeckers (Piciformes)

1974 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 236-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Jacob ◽  
Jens Poltz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gland Secretion ◽  
Uropygial Gland ◽  
Uropygial Gland Secretion ◽  
Branched Alcohols

The uropygial gland secretion of the blade (Dryocopus martius) and the green woodpecker (Picus viridis) is a mixture of monoester waxes. These are composed mainly of 3-methyl-branched fatly acids and n-and well as 3-methyl-alkanols. Besides 3,x-dimethyl-and 3,7,11-trimethyl-sub-stituted fatty acids and monomethyl-branched alcohols with anteiso configuration and 3,x-dimethyl-substituted alkanols occur (x = 7,9,11,13,15,17).

Gefiederlipide der Ringeltaube Columba palumbus / Plumage Lipids from the Ring Dove (Columba palumbus)

1975 ◽  
Vol 30 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Jacob ◽  
Gernot Grimmer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Gland Secretion ◽  
Uropygial Gland ◽  
Ring Dove ◽  
Uropygial Gland Secretion

Abstract Ring Only 6.7% of the whole plumage lipids of the ring dove originates from diester waxes of the uropygial gland secretion. The rest is distributed to hydrocarbons (3.3%), sterolesters and waxes (10.7%), free alcohols and sterols (5%), free fatty acids (55.6%), and unidentified material (18.7%). Among the hydrocarbons saturated odd-numbered, unbranched individuals predominate, but moreover 7-methylalkanes have been detected. The chain length of free and esterified alcohols cor­ responds to those of fatty acids where even-numbered compounds predominate. Main alcoholic component, however, is cholestanol. The origin of these lipids is discussed.

Bürzeldrüsensekrete von Webervögeln (Ploceidae) / The Uropygial Gland Secretion of Weaver-birds

1973 ◽  
Vol 28 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 452-455
Author(s):  
Jens Poltz ◽  
Jürgen Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gland Secretion ◽  
Nonanoic Acid ◽  
Heptanoic Acid ◽  
Uropygial Gland ◽  
Uropygial Gland Secretion

The uropygial gland wax of the genus Ploceus is found to be mainly one wax consisting of 2,4- dimethyl-heptanoic acid and n-octadecanol. The wax of one species of the genus Quelea investigated, mainly has two components consisting of 2,4,6-trimethyl-nonanoic acid and n-octadecanol as well as n-hexadecanol. The wax of the sparrows (Passerinae) belonging to the same family Ploceidae is quite different from the uropygial gland fat of these genera by the occurrence of 3-methyl fatty acids and 3-methyl-alcanols.

scholarly journals Optical properties of the uropygial gland secretion: no evidence for UV cosmetics in birds

2008 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 939-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaspar Delhey ◽  
Anne Peters ◽  
Peter H. W. Biedermann ◽  
Bart Kempenaers
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Gland Secretion ◽  
Uropygial Gland ◽  
Uropygial Gland Secretion

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical aspects of the avian uropygial gland

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Salibian ◽  
D. Montalti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Gland Secretion ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Uropygial Gland ◽  
Lipid Mixture

This review discusses different aspects of the uropygial gland of birds. The gland exhibits a striking morphological diversity in size, shape and presence/absence of tufts of feathers. It was shown that acidic mucins, neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids are normal components of secretion. Several morphological and physiological aspects of the gland were studied on Rock Pigeon Columba livia Gmelin, 1879. The amount of the uropygial gland secretion, its lipid content and fatty acids profile were determined. The extracted lipid mixture contained of C14 to C20 fatty acids, mostly unsaturated; the saturated fatty acids were mainly 14:0, 16:0 and 18:0. No correlation was found between the size of the gland and the aquatic/terrestrial nature of the species. Ablation of the gland did not affect survival, body weight, feeding rate and serum cholesterol, total lipids or calcium levels after 32-120 days. The possible role of the gland in the protection against lipophilic compounds was discussed. The function of the gland is still a subject of controversy. It is accepted that its secretion confers water-repellent properties on the feather coat and maintain the suppleness of the feathers. Other physiological roles of the gland secretion may be associated to pheromone production, control of plumage hygiene, thermal insulation and defence against predators. Concerning the endocrine regulation of the uropygial function, there is scarce information presenting evidence for steroid regulated mechanisms.

2,3-Dihydroxy Fatty Acids-Containing Waxes in Storks (C iconiidae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 743-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Jacob ◽  
Gottfried Raab
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Uropygial Gland ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Fragmentation ◽  
Dihydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids And Alcohols

Uropygial gland secretions from five out of a total of seven species forming the genus Ciconia (family Ciconiidae; order Ciconiiformes) were found to consist of mixtures of monoester waxes, diester waxes, triester waxes, and triglycerides. Monoester waxes were composed of unbranched fatty acids and alcohols, whereas diester waxes derived from both 2- and 3-hydroxy fatty acids esterified with unbranched alcohols and fatty acids. Interestingly, triester waxes were also found deriving from either 2-hydroxy alkylmalonic acids or from erythro-2,3-dihydroxy fatty acids the latter of which have not yet been found in vertebrates so far. To compare the typical mass spectrometric fragmentation of this class of compounds erythro-2,3-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid has been synthesized

Chemical Composition of the Nasal Gland Secretion from the Marsh Deer Odocoileus ( DorcelaphusJ dichotomus (Illiger)

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 496-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Jacob ◽  
Ernst Von Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Gland Secretion ◽  
Cholesterol Esters ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
Lipid Mixture

Abstract The secretion of the nasal gland from the marsh deer (Odocoileus dichotomus) has shown to be a lipid mixture predominantly containing cholesterol esters, mono-and diester waxes, the latter of which containing 2-hydroxy fatty acids. The alcoholic constituents of the mono-and diester waxes contain considerable amounts of mono-unsaturated homologues, all with double bonds in(ω-9) position.

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