scholarly journals Closed sets of finitary functions between products of finite fields of coprime order

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Fioravanti

AbstractWe investigate the finitary functions from a finite product of finite fields $$\prod _{j =1}^m\mathbb {F}_{q_j} = {\mathbb K}$$ ∏ j = 1 m F q j = K to a finite product of finite fields $$\prod _{i =1}^n\mathbb {F}_{p_i} = {\mathbb {F}}$$ ∏ i = 1 n F p i = F , where $$|{\mathbb K}|$$ | K | and $$|{\mathbb {F}}|$$ | F | are coprime. An $$({\mathbb {F}},{\mathbb K})$$ ( F , K ) -linearly closed clonoid is a subset of these functions which is closed under composition from the right and from the left with linear mappings. We give a characterization of these subsets of functions through the $${\mathbb {F}}_p[{\mathbb K}^{\times }]$$ F p [ K × ] -submodules of $$\mathbb {F}_p^{{\mathbb K}}$$ F p K , where $${\mathbb K}^{\times }$$ K × is the multiplicative monoid of $${\mathbb K}= \prod _{i=1}^m {\mathbb {F}}_{q_i}$$ K = ∏ i = 1 m F q i . Furthermore we prove that each of these subsets of functions is generated by a set of unary functions and we provide an upper bound for the number of distinct $$({\mathbb {F}},{\mathbb K})$$ ( F , K ) -linearly closed clonoids.

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Fioravanti

AbstractWe investigate the finitary functions from a finite field $$\mathbb {F}_q$$ F q to the finite field $$\mathbb {F}_p$$ F p , where p and q are powers of different primes. An $$(\mathbb {F}_p,\mathbb {F}_q)$$ ( F p , F q ) -linearly closed clonoid is a subset of these functions which is closed under composition from the right and from the left with linear mappings. We give a characterization of these subsets of functions through the invariant subspaces of the vector space $$\mathbb {F}_p^{\mathbb {F}_q\backslash \{0\}}$$ F p F q \ { 0 } with respect to a certain linear transformation with minimal polynomial $$x^{q-1} - 1$$ x q - 1 - 1 . Furthermore we prove that each of these subsets of functions is generated by one unary function.


Author(s):  
Stefano Fioravanti

We investigate finitary functions from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] for a square-free number [Formula: see text]. We show that the lattice of all clones on the square-free set [Formula: see text] which contain the addition of [Formula: see text] is finite. We provide an upper bound for the cardinality of this lattice through an injective function to the direct product of the lattices of all [Formula: see text]-linearly closed clonoids, [Formula: see text], to the [Formula: see text] power, where [Formula: see text]. These lattices are studied in [S. Fioravanti, Closed sets of finitary functions between products of finite fields of pair-wise coprime order, preprint (2020), arXiv:2009.02237 ] and there we can find an upper bound for their cardinality. Furthermore, we prove that these clones can be generated by a set of functions of arity at most [Formula: see text].


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1107
Author(s):  
Wonho Choi ◽  
Yoshihiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Ji-Young Park ◽  
Sang-Hyun Park ◽  
Hyeok-Won Lee ◽  
...  

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a pathogen of various plants which transfers its own DNA (T-DNA) to the host plants. It is used for producing genetically modified plants with this ability. To control T-DNA transfer to the right place, toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems of A. tumefaciens were used to control the target site of transfer without any unintentional targeting. Here, we describe a toxin-antitoxin system, Atu0939 (mazE-at) and Atu0940 (mazF-at), in the chromosome of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The toxin in the TA system has 33.3% identity and 45.5% similarity with MazF in Escherichia coli. The expression of MazF-at caused cell growth inhibition, while cells with MazF-at co-expressed with MazE-at grew normally. In vivo and in vitro assays revealed that MazF-at inhibited protein synthesis by decreasing the cellular mRNA stability. Moreover, the catalytic residue of MazF-at was determined to be the 24th glutamic acid using site-directed mutagenesis. From the results, we concluded that MazF-at is a type II toxin-antitoxin system and a ribosome-independent endoribonuclease. Here, we characterized a TA system in A. tumefaciens whose understanding might help to find its physiological function and to develop further applications.


2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Rocco ◽  
Luciana Royer ◽  
Fábio Mariz Gonçalves

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 2887-2893
Author(s):  
M Neitz ◽  
J Carbon

A functional centromere located on a small DNA restriction fragment from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was identified as CEN14 by integrating centromere-adjacent DNA plus the URA3 gene by homologous recombination into the yeast genome and then by localizing the URA3 gene to chromosome XIV by standard tetrad analysis. DNA sequence analysis revealed that CEN14 possesses sequences (elements I, II, and III) that are characteristic of other yeast centromeres. Mitotic and meiotic analyses indicated that the CEN14 function resides on a 259-base-pair (bp) RsaI-EcoRV restriction fragment, containing sequences that extend only 27 bp to the right of the element I to III region. In conjunction with previous findings on CEN3 and CEN11, these results indicate that the specific DNA sequences required in cis for yeast centromere function are contained within a region about 150 bp in length.


QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania Ali Maarouf ◽  
Ali Haggag Ali ◽  
Mahmoud Abdelatif Onsy

Abstract Background Despite the recent advances in liver imaging, the detection and characterization of small hepatic focal lesions is still a real challenge. Particularly in cancer patients where the characterization of a small HFL as thus the precise tumor staging is critical for optimal treatment planning. Aim of the Work To explore the effectiveness, and hence the clinical utility, of MRI detection and characterization of small focal hepatic lesions either only discovered on MRI or as a further work up of CT/US-indeterminate lesions. Patients and Methods We reviewed our database for individuals who underwent liver MR imaging between March 2018 and March 2019 for the evaluation of small hepatic lesions that were discovered for the first time or had been previously visualized on routinely performed CT and had been considered indeterminate. Results The present study included 44 patients of which 26 were males (59.1%) and 18 were females (40.9%). The age range of the study group was 19 to 77 years. The mean age for Malignant lesions was 51 years. The right lobe of liver was involved in 23 cases (52.3%), left lobe in 5 cases (11.4%) and both lobes in 16 cases (36.4%). There were 30 (68.18%) benign, 13 (29.54%) malignant lesions and 1 (2.3%) indeterminate, hemangiomas were predominant in benign lesions whereas hepatocellular carcinomas were predominant in malignant lesions. N'TRI could characterize 92% cases. Conclusion The diagnostic process of small hepatic focal lesions, either detection or characterization or both, continues to represent a challenge. Contrast-enhanced MR can accurately detect and characterize majority of small hepatic focal lesions.


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