Reliability of hip internal rotation range of motion measurement using a digital inclinometer

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine (i) the reliability of hip range of motion measurement among experienced arthroscopic hip preservation surgeons and (ii) the magnitude of hip flexion change with posterior pelvic tilt. Five experienced arthroscopic hip preservation surgeons (5–18 years of hip surgery experience) performed passive hip range of motion (internal and external rotation), flexion (contralateral hip extended) and flexion with posterior pelvic tilt (contralateral hip maximally flexed) on five young healthy asymptomatic volunteers (three males, two females; 34.4 ± 10.7 years of age). Motion was measured via digital photography and goniometry. Inter-observer reliability was calculated via two-way mixed, single measures, intra-class correlation coefficient. Paired t-test was utilized to compare hip flexion (with contralateral hip extended) to hip flexion with posterior pelvic tilt (with contralateral hip in forced flexion). The reliabilities of measurements of hip flexion with posterior pelvic tilt and external rotation were excellent, that of hip flexion was fair, and that of hip internal rotation was poor. The magnitude of hip flexion increase with posterior pelvic tilt was 17.0° ± 3.0° (P < 0.001). The reliability of hip range of motion measurement by five experienced arthroscopic hip preservation surgeons was excellent for measures of hip flexion with posterior pelvic tilt and external rotation. Contralateral maximal hip flexion significantly increased ipsilateral hip flexion (approximately 17°). Level of Evidence: Diagnostic, level III (without consistently applied reference standard)

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Glenohumeral and Hip Range-of-Motion and Strength Measures in Youth Baseball Athletes

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-51.7.09 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (6) ◽

pp. 466-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Kelsey J. Picha ◽

Josie L. Harding ◽

Kellie C. Huxel Bliven

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Internal Rotation ◽

External Rotation ◽

Gluteus Medius ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hip Strength ◽

Older Athletes ◽

Youth Baseball ◽

Hip Internal Rotation

Context: The repetitive demands of throwing affect glenohumeral (GH) range of motion (ROM) and strength. Less is known about hip alterations in skeletally immature athletes. Objective: To compare GH and hip ROM and strength between age, position, and side of youth baseball athletes. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Multicenter testing. Patients or Other Participants: Seventy-two healthy baseball athletes. Participants' self-reported characteristics were age group (7−11 years [n = 28] or 12−18 years [n = 44]), position (pitcher [n = 22], position player [n = 47], unreported [n = 3]), and side (throwing or nonthrowing arm, lead or stance leg). Main Outcome Measure(s): Bilateral GH and hip internal- and external-rotation ROM were measured passively and summed for total arc of motion (TAM). Glenohumeral and hip rotation and gluteus medius strength were measured. Analyses included linear mixed models. Results: Glenohumeral internal rotation was less in throwing than in nonthrowing arms (P < .05) except in younger pitchers (P = .86). Compared with older athletes, younger athletes had more GH external rotation (103.3° ± 7.7° versus 97.5° ± 9.4°; P = .002), TAM (156.4° ± 8.7° versus 147.9° ± 10.9°; P = .04), and external rotation in throwing compared with nonthrowing arms (101.9° ± 1.2° versus 97.9° ± 1.1°; P < .001). Glenohumeral TAM was less in throwing than in nonthrowing arms (150.5° ± 2.1° versus 154.9° ± 1.3°; P = .01). Younger athletes had more hip internal rotation (38.9° ± 6.8° versus 31.2° ± 7.5°; P < .001) and TAM (68.4° ± 10.0° versus 60.7° ± 9.8°; P = .001) than older athletes. Lead-leg hip internal-rotation ROM was greater than in the stance leg (34.8° ± 8.9° versus 32.8° ± 7.7°; P = .01). Overall, older players were stronger than younger players (P < .05), and the throwing arm was stronger in internal rotation than the nonthrowing arm (10.12 ± 3.72 lb [4.59 ± 1.69 kg] versus 9.43 ± 3.18 lb [4.28 ± 1.44 kg]; P = .047). Conclusions: Youth baseball athletes had typical GH ROM adaptations of less internal rotation and more external rotation in the throwing versus the nonthrowing arm. Greater ROM in younger athletes may be explained by prepubertal characteristics. We obtained hip-strength values in youth baseball athletes, and as expected, older athletes were stronger.

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Evaluation of hip internal and external rotation range of motion as an injury risk factor for hip, abdominal and groin injuries in professional baseball players

Orthopedic Reviews ◽

10.4081/or.2015.6142 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Xinning Li ◽

Richard Ma ◽

Hanbing Zhou ◽

Matthew Thompson ◽

Courtney Dawson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Internal Rotation ◽

Injury Risk ◽

External Rotation ◽

Professional Organization ◽

Hamstring Injury ◽

Professional Baseball ◽

Baseball Players ◽

N 93 ◽

Hip Internal Rotation

Normal hip range of motion (ROM) is essential in running and transfer of energy from lower to upper extremities during overhead throwing. Dysfunctional hip ROM may alter lower extremity kinematics and predispose athletes to hip and groin injuries. The purpose of this study is characterize hip internal/external ROM (Arc) and its effect on the risk of hip, hamstring, and groin injuries in professional baseball players. Bilateral hip internal and external ROM was measured on all baseball players (N=201) in one professional organization (major and minor league) during spring training. Players were organized according to their respective positions. All injuries were documented prospectively for an entire MLB season (2010 to 2011). Data was analyzed according to position and injuries during the season. Total number of players (N=201) with an average age of 24±3.6 (range=17-37). Both pitchers (N=93) and catchers (N=22) had significantly decreased mean hip internal rotation and overall hip arc of motion compared to the positional players (N=86). Players with hip, groin, and hamstring injury also had decreased hip rotation arc when compared to the normal group. Overall, there is a correlation between decreased hip internal rotation and total arc of motion with hip, hamstring, and groin injuries.

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