Imbalanced choroidal circulation in eyes with asymmetric dilated vortex vein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiriko Hirooka ◽  
Michiyuki Saito ◽  
Yui Yamashita ◽  
Yuki Hashimoto ◽  
Nobuhiro Terao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choroidal Circulation ◽  
Vortex Vein

scholarly journals The spontaneous resolution of a vortex vein varix: case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara L Weidmayer ◽  
Hakan Demirci
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Spontaneous Resolution ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Clinical Resolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vortex Vein ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background The natural course of a vortex vein varix, though not well understood, has been known to remain stable. However, here we report a novel case of a vortex vein varix that resolved after an extended period of monitoring. Case presentation An asymptomatic 96-year-old Caucasian man was found to have a vortex vein varix. At his previous examination 13 months prior, his fundus was normal. At 13 months of observation, his vortex vein varix become clinically undetectable. Further follow-up confirmed continued absence of the varix. Conclusion This case demonstrates the development then clinical resolution of a vortex vein varix with no clear identifiable factors for its evolution. This case is novel and offers new insight into the natural history of some vortex vein varices, implicating venous congestion as an instigator and venous collateralization as its alleviator, suggesting that vortex vein varices are likely more common than previously reported since some may be temporary and under-identified.

In Vivo Studies on the Choroidal Circulation of Rabbits

1956 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 726-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. STEIN ◽  
K. G. WAKIM ◽  
C. W. RUCKER
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Choroidal Circulation

Vortex vein anastomosis and pachychoroid—an evolving understanding

Eye ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Sharma ◽  
Nikulaa Parachuri ◽  
Nilesh Kumar ◽  
Francesco Bandello ◽  
Baruch D. Kuppermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vortex Vein

Dilatation of Asymmetric Vortex Vein in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Hiroe ◽  
Shoji Kishi
Keyword(s):  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Asymmetric Vortex ◽  
Vortex Vein

scholarly journals Imaging Features of Varix of the Vortex Vein Ampulla：A Small Case Series

2011 ◽  
Vol 02 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqian Hu ◽  
Shiyuan Wang ◽  
Yang Dong ◽  
Xiuli Zhou ◽  
Wenjing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Small Case Series ◽  
Vortex Vein

Perfusion of the Choriocapillaries Through the Vortex Vein

1981 ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zauberman ◽  
N. Segal ◽  
S. Photiou ◽  
E. Berman
Keyword(s):  
Vortex Vein

Utilization of Intraoperative OCT for the Diagnosis of a Case of Varix of the Vortex Vein

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Mohammad Z. Siddiqui ◽  
Riley Sanders ◽  
Ahmed B. Sallam
Keyword(s):  
Vortex Vein ◽  
Intraoperative Oct

scholarly journals Is Retinal Metabolic Dysfunction at the Center of the Pathogenesis of Age-related Macular Degeneration?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Léveillard ◽  
Nancy Philp ◽  
Florian Sennlaub
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Subretinal Space ◽  
Outer Retina ◽  
Choroidal Circulation ◽  
Age Related

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) forms the outer blood–retina barrier and facilitates the transepithelial transport of glucose into the outer retina via GLUT1. Glucose is metabolized in photoreceptors via the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) but also by aerobic glycolysis to generate glycerol for the synthesis of phospholipids for the renewal of their outer segments. Aerobic glycolysis in the photoreceptors also leads to a high rate of production of lactate which is transported out of the subretinal space to the choroidal circulation by the RPE. Lactate taken up by the RPE is converted to pyruvate and metabolized via OXPHOS. Excess lactate in the RPE is transported across the basolateral membrane to the choroid. The uptake of glucose by cone photoreceptor cells is enhanced by rod-derived cone viability factor (RdCVF) secreted by rods and by insulin signaling. Together, the three cells act as symbiotes: the RPE supplies the glucose from the choroidal circulation to the photoreceptors, the rods help the cones, and both produce lactate to feed the RPE. In age-related macular degeneration this delicate ménage à trois is disturbed by the chronic infiltration of inflammatory macrophages. These immune cells also rely on aerobic glycolysis and compete for glucose and produce lactate. We here review the glucose metabolism in the homeostasis of the outer retina and in macrophages and hypothesize what happens when the metabolism of photoreceptors and the RPE is disturbed by chronic inflammation.

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