In this Kappan interview, Andrea Vest Ettekal discusses her research into student participation in out-of-school programs. She describes the disparities in participation between different groups of students and possible reasons for those disparities and different countries’ approaches to extracurricular activities. The interview also addresses the research into the benefits of participation in extracurricular activities, how after-school learning differs from in-school learning, and promising approaches to out-of-school programming.