Durability of Resistance and Cost of Virulence

2006 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Pietravalle ◽  
Stéphane Lemarié ◽  
Frank van den Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Virulence ◽  
Durability Of Resistance

scholarly journals Apple powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera leucotricha: some important features of biology and epidemiology

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Holb
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Spore Dispersal ◽  
Podosphaera Leucotricha ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Diurnal Patterns ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Durability Of Resistance

In this review, some important features of biology and epidemiology are summarised for apple powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha). In the first part of the review, the geographical distribution or the pathogen are discussed, then the morphology and taxonomy of the causal organism are described. Disease symptoms or apple powdery mildew are also shown and then host susceptibility/resistance is discussed in relation to durability of resistance. In the second part of this review, the general disease cycle of powdery mildew on apple are demonstrated and some basic features of powdery mildew epidemiology (such response of the pathogen to temperature, relative humidity, and rain as well as spore production, spore dispersal, diurnal patterns and temporal dynamics of the pathogen/disease) are also given on apple host.

Durability of Resistance in Tomato and Pepper to Xanthomonads Causing Bacterial Spot

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Stall ◽  
Jeffrey B. Jones ◽  
Gerald V. Minsavage
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Durability Of Resistance

Global incidence of wheat rusts and powdery mildew during 1969–2010 and durability of resistance of winter wheat variety Bezostaya 1

2011 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Morgounov ◽  
Hale Ann Tufan ◽  
Ram Sharma ◽  
Beyhan Akin ◽  
Ahmet Bagci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Winter Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Rusts ◽  
Durability Of Resistance

Genetic diversity and disease resistance: some considerations for research, breeding, and deployment

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowland D Burdon
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Pathogen Fitness ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Cost Of Virulence

Fungal pathogens present a complex challenge for genetic management of forest trees. The need is for disease resistance that withstands mutations and genetic shifts in pathogens. Also desirable are defences against new and dangerous pathogens. An understanding of how hosts and pathogens can continue to coexist should help. Experience from agriculture has allowed modelling of pathosystems, the genetic variations within hosts and pathogens that permit coexistence. While it is impractical to construct a comprehensive model, two phenomena seem generally conducive to stability: a cost of "virulence" in pathogen fitness and a multiplicity of host resistance mechanisms. However, other factors, notably indirect costs of resistance, are very difficult to model. Overall, the diversity of behaviour of models, of the nature of resistance and virulence genes, and of biology of both hosts and pathogens precludes any unique formula for stability. For current crops, genetic diversity offers risk spread for susceptibility to a new and serious pathogen or pathotype. For longer-term breeding, relatively rare resistance may be useful, but pedigreed breeding populations typically entail very finite population sizes. Providing for selecting within improved production populations may therefore be needed. This would give breeders technical challenges, and give forest managers opportunity costs and major logistical challenges.

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