AbstractA method is presented for the X-ray spectrometric determination of copper, tin, and uranium in a bronze heat-treating material. The method is based on the irradiation of an acid solution of the sample, to which indium and zinc have been added as internal standards. Quantitative determinations of copper and tin (each in the 40 to 60% range) are calculated from the ratios of the CuKα/ZnKα and SnKα/In Kα intensities. Uranium concentration (in the 1 to 10% range) is calculated from the ratio of the ULα/ In Kα intensities, A correction for the interference of the second-order In Kβ1,3 doublet with the first-order ULα peak is described. The over-all limits of error for single determinations at the 95% confidence level are ±0,58% copper, ±0,56% tin, and ±0,31% uranium.
Determination of carrier-envelope phase of relativistic few-cycle laser pulses by Thomson backscattering spectroscopy