DFT study of oxaloacetic acid condensation — The first step of the citric acid cycle

In 1937, Sir H. A Krebs first published the Citric Acid Cycle, a unidirectional cycle with carboxylic acids. The original concept of the Citric Acid Cycle from Krebs’ 1953 Nobel Prize lecture illustrates the unidirectional degradation of lactic acid to water, carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Here, we add the heart lactate dehydrogenase•proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter 1 complex, connecting the original Citric Acid Cycle to the flow of energy and material. The heart lactate dehydrogenase•proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter 1 complex catalyses the first reaction of the Citric Acid Cycle, the oxidation of lactate to pyruvate, and thus secures the provision of pyruvic acid. In addition, we modify Krebs’ original concept by feeding the cycle with oxaloacetic acid. Our concept enables the integration of anabolic processes and allows adaption of the organism to recover ATP faster.

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Biosynthesis of food constituents: Amino acids: 1. The glutamic acid and aspartic acid groups – a review

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/3287-cjfs ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

J. Velíšek ◽

K. Cejpek

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Glutamic Acid ◽

Aspartic Acid ◽

Citric Acid Cycle ◽

Acid Group ◽

Review Article ◽

Acid Cycle ◽

Oxaloacetic Acid ◽

Reaction Schemes

This review article gives a survey of principal pathways that lead to the biosynthesis of the proteinogenic amino acids of the glutamic acid group (glutamic acid, glutamine, proline, arginine) and aspartic acid group (aspartic acid, asparagine, threonine, methionine, lysine, isoleucine) starting with oxaloacetic acid from the citric acid cycle. There is an extensive use of reaction schemes, sequences, and mechanisms with the enzymes involved and detailed explanations using sound chemical principles and mechanisms.

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EFFECT OF SERUM GONADOTROPHIN ON DEHYDROGENASES OF THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE IN THE OVARY OF THE RAT

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0420480 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 480-484 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B. Eckstein ◽

R. Landsberg

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Citric Acid Cycle ◽

Age Groups ◽

Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽

Immature Rat ◽

Acid Cycle ◽

Immature Rats ◽

Rat Ovary

ABSTRACT The succinic, malic and isocitric dehydrogenases in the ovary of immature and mature, normal and serum gonadotrophin injected rats were examined. The Qo2 of these enzymes were markedly enhanced in the gonadotrophin injected rats of both age groups, except in the case of succinic dehydrogenase in the ovary of the immature rats, where a slight non-significant decrease was noted. It is concluded that in the mature rat ovary, gonadotrophin administration stimulates the activity of all the examined dehydrogenases of the citric acid cycle, whereas in the immature rat ovary, at least the isocitric- and malic dehydrogenases are thus stimulated.

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