scholarly journals Taking Better Advantage of Fold Axis Data to Characterize Anisotropy of Complex Folded Structures in the Implicit Modeling Framework

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Pizzella ◽  
Robin Alais ◽  
Simon Lopez ◽  
Xavier Freulon ◽  
Jacques Rivoirard
Keyword(s):  
Fold Axis ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Implicit Modeling ◽  
Folded Structures

scholarly journals Taking better advantage of fold axis data to characterize anisotropy of complex folded structures in the implicit modeling framework

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Pizzella ◽  
Robin Alais ◽  
Simon Lopez ◽  
Xavier Freulon ◽  
Jacques Rivoirard
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Complex Case ◽  
Fold Axis ◽  
Implicit Methods ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Local Anisotropy ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Folded Structures

Abstract When too few field measurements are available for the geological mod-ling of complex folded structures, results of implicit methods typically exhibit an unsatisfactory bubbly aspect. However, in such cases, anisotropy data are often readily available but not fully exploited. Among them, fold axis data are a straightforward indicator of this local anisotropy direction. Focusing on the so-called potential field method, this work aims to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of such data into the modeling process. Given locally sampled fold axis data, this paper proposes to use the second-order derivatives of the scalar field in addition to the existing first-order ones. The mathematical foundation of the approach is developed and the respective efficiencies of both kinds of constraints are tested. Their integration and impact are discussed based on a complex case study, thereby providing practical guidelines to geomodeling tool users on the parsimonious use of data for the geological modeling of complex folded structures

scholarly journals Geology and Structural Description of Shakrok Anticline; Northern Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 2017-2032
Author(s):  
Mahmood Abd ALAmeer Salman ◽  
Sally Hussin Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
High Stress ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Fold Axis ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Anticlockwise Rotation ◽  
Major Fault ◽  
Tertiary Folding ◽  
Folded Structures ◽  
Stratigraphic Succession

The studied area is a part of the Arabian plate located within the High Folded Zone of the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt in northeastern Iraq (Kurdistan Region). The Study area deals with the Shakrok Anticlines is located between Safin Mountain and Sork Mountain. These structures are formed during the Alpine Orogeny in Cretaceous-Tertiary period. Generally, the folded structures are trending NW-SE direction which is parallel to the main Zagros Orogenic trends. The exposed stratigraphic succession of the studied area that represented by 4 formations deposited from the Early Cretaceous which are Shiranish, Aqrah, Bekhme and Qamchuqa formations. Shakrok Anticline are asymmetrical, double plunging and verging toward northeast. This establishes that Merawa is a Tertiary continuation part of Cretaceous Shakrok Anticline, but there is a deflection in the direction of the fold axis that affected the Merawa Anticline due to the effect of strike slip fault addition to Lineament. Shakrok Anticline with Cretaceous successions formed due to the effect of Cretaceous and Tertiary folding phases. But Merawa Anticline with Tertiary succession that formed due to the effect of Tertiary folding phases. The high stress and intensity of the major fault on the southwestern limb rotated and overturned Tertiary successions and changed its dip toward NE. The differences in fold geometry, fold axis, axial surface, and curvilinear hinge imply that the structure formed as a result of two folding phases & lateral growth of folds that developed by changing the direction of the compressional tectonic processes due to Alpine Orogene of Zagros. The fold axis of Shakrok Anticline rotated 16o in anticlockwise trend from Merawa to Sork anticlines. Because of anticlockwise rotation of the Arabian plate due to its collision with Iranian and Anatolian plates.

Friedel'S law breakdown and interpretation of stacking fault images in tetrahedral semiconductors

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
Rob. W. Glaisher ◽  
A.E.C. Spargo
Keyword(s):  
Relative Phase ◽  
Point Group ◽  
Binary Compound ◽  
Stacking Fault ◽  
Fold Axis ◽  
Atom Pair ◽  
Tetrahedral Semiconductors ◽  
Group Symmetries ◽  
Thin Crystal ◽  
Phase Differences

Images of <11> oriented crystals with diamond structure (i.e. C,Si,Ge) are dominated by white spot contrast which, depending on thickness and defocus, can correspond to either atom-pair columns or tunnel sites. Olsen and Spence have demonstrated a method for identifying the correspondence which involves the assumed structure of a stacking fault and the preservation of point-group symmetries by correctly aligned and stigmated images. For an intrinsic stacking fault, a two-fold axis lies on a row of atoms (not tunnels) and the contrast (black/white) of the atoms is that of the {111} fringe containing the two-fold axis. The breakdown of Friedel's law renders this technique unsuitable for the related, but non-centrosymmetric binary compound sphalerite materials (e.g. GaAs, InP, CdTe). Under dynamical scattering conditions, Bijvoet related reflections (e.g. (111)/(111)) rapidly acquire relative phase differences deviating markedly from thin-crystal (kinematic) values, which alter the apparent location of the symmetry elements needed to identify the defect.

Modelling Gas Processing Unit: An Inter-disciplinary Approach Based on Petri Nets

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanda Florentina Mihalache
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Process ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Industrial System ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Modelling Method ◽  
Effective Representation ◽  
Modelling Approach

A modelling approach that will facilitate an in-depth understanding of the interactions of the different phenomena, human interactions and environmental factors constituting �real world� industrial processes is presented. An important industrial system such as Gas Processing Unit (GPU) have inter-related internal process activities coexisting with external events and requires a real time inter-disciplinary approach to model them. This modeling framework is based on identifying as modules, the part of processes that have interactions and can be considered active participants in overall behaviour. The selected initial set of modules are structured as Petri net models and made to interact iteratively to provide process states of the system. The modeling goal is accomplished by identifying the evolution of the process states as a means of effective representation of the �actual running�� of the industrial process. The paper discusses the function and the implementation of the modelling method as applicable to the industrial case of GPU.

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