Chemically and size-resolved particulate matter dry deposition on stone and surrogate surfaces inside and outside the low emission zone of Milan: application of a newly developed “Deposition Box”

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 9402-9415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Ferrero ◽  
Marco Casati ◽  
Lara Nobili ◽  
Luca D’Angelo ◽  
Grazia Rovelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Surrogate Surfaces

Dry Deposition of Particulate Matter and Ions in Forest at Different Heights

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiexiu Zhai ◽  
Ling Cong ◽  
Guoxin Yan ◽  
Yanan Wu ◽  
Jiakai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Dry Deposition

Dry deposition of particulate matter and its associated soluble ions on five broadleaved species in Taichung, central Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 753 ◽  
pp. 141788
Author(s):  
Tzu-Hao Su ◽  
Chin-Sheng Lin ◽  
Jiunn-Cheng Lin ◽  
Chiung-Pin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Soluble Ions ◽  
Central Taiwan

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Particulate Matter and Dry Deposition Flux in the Cuihu Wetland of Beijing

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e0158616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Zhu ◽  
Jiakai Liu ◽  
Ling Cong ◽  
Wenmei Ma ◽  
Wu Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Deposition Flux ◽  
Dry Deposition Flux ◽  
Spatiotemporal Characteristics

Airborne Concentrations and Dry Deposition Fluxes of Particulate Species to Surrogate Surfaces Deployed in Southern Lake Michigan

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1623-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Zufall ◽  
Cliff I. Davidson ◽  
Peter F. Caffrey ◽  
John M. Ondov
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Deposition Fluxes ◽  
Surrogate Surfaces

Dry Deposition of Nonspherical Particles on Natural and Surrogate Surfaces

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Goldenberg ◽  
Jeffrey R. Brook
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Nonspherical Particles ◽  
Surrogate Surfaces

Dry deposition of nitrate and sulphate on surrogate surfaces

1992 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Saxena ◽  
U.C. Kulshreshta ◽  
N. Kumar ◽  
K.M. Kumari ◽  
S.S. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Surrogate Surfaces

Comparative Study on Various Methods for Measuring Engine Particulate Matter Emissions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Gerald Liu ◽  
Devin R. Berg ◽  
James J. Schauer‡
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Particulate Mass

Studies have shown that there are a significant number of chemical species present in engine exhaust particulate matter emissions. Additionally, the majority of current world-wide regulatory methods for measuring engine particulate emissions are gravimetrically based. As modern engines produce increasingly lower particulate mass emissions, these methods become less and less stable and have high levels of measurement uncertainty. In this study, a characterization of mass emissions from engines with a range of particulate emission levels was made in order to gain a better understanding of the variability and uncertainty associated with common mass measurement methods, as well as how well these methods compare with each other. Two gravimetric mass measurement methods and a reconstructed mass method were analyzed as part of the present study. The results have shown that each of the mass measurement methods analyzed compare well at higher emission levels, but show significant disparity at the ultra-low emission levels commonly seen from modern diesel engines. Additionally, at ultra-low emission the uncertainty in the measurement becomes large, thus reducing confidence in the accuracy of the measurement. Based upon these findings, it would be difficult to justify a comparison between any two gravimetric measurement methods and it may be more appropriate to perform a reconstruction of the particulate mass due to a lower susceptibility to measurement error.

Aerosol acidity as a driver of aerosol formation and nutrient deposition to ecosystems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Nenes ◽  
Maria Kanakidou ◽  
Spyros Pandis ◽  
Armistead Russell ◽  
Shaojie Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Deposition Velocity ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Deposition Flux ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Dry Deposition Flux ◽  
Nitrate Aerosol

<p>Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) from anthropogenic and biogenic emissions are central contributors to particulate matter (PM) concentrations worldwide. Ecosystem productivity can also be strongly modulated by the atmospheric deposition of this inorganic "reactive nitrogen" nutrient. The response of PM and nitrogen deposition to changes in the emissions of both compounds is typically studied on a case-by-case basis, owing in part to the complex thermodynamic interactions of these aerosol precursors with other PM constituents. In the absence of rain, much of the complexity of nitrogen deposition is driven by the large difference in dry deposition velocity when a nitrogen-containing molecule is in the gas or condensed phase.</p><p>Here we present a simple but thermodynamically consistent approach that expresses the chemical domains of sensitivity of aerosol particulate matter to NH<sub>3</sub> and HNO<sub>3</sub> availability in terms of aerosol pH and liquid water content. From our analysis, four policy-relevant regimes emerge in terms of sensitivity: i) NH<sub>3</sub>-sensitive, ii) HNO<sub>3</sub>-sensitive, iii) combined NH<sub>3</sub> and HNO<sub>3</sub> sensitive, and, iv) a domain where neither NH<sub>3</sub> and HNO<sub>3</sub> are important for PM levels (but only nonvolatile precursors such as NVCs and sulfate). When this framework is applied to ambient measurements or predictions of PM and gaseous precursors, the “chemical regime” of PM sensitivity to NH3 and HNO3 availability is directly determined. </p><p>The same framework is then extended to consider the impact of gas-to-particle partitioning, on the deposition velocity of NH<sub>3</sub> and HNO<sub>3</sub> individually, and combined affects the dry deposition of inorganic reactive nitrogen. Four regimes of deposition velocity emerge: i) HNO<sub>3</sub>-fast, NH<sub>3</sub>-slow, ii) HNO<sub>3</sub>-slow, NH<sub>3</sub>-fast, iii) HNO<sub>3</sub>-fast, NH<sub>3</sub>-fast, and, iv) HNO<sub>3</sub>-slow, NH<sub>3</sub>-slow. Conditions that favor strong partitioning of species to the aerosol phase strongly delay the deposition of reactive nitrogen species and promotes their accumulation in the boundary layer and potential for long-range transport. </p><p>The use of these regimes allows novel insights and is an important tool to evaluate chemical transport models. Most notably, we find that nitric acid displays considerable variability of dry deposition flux, with maximum deposition rates found in the Eastern US (close to gas-deposition rates) and minimum rates for North Europe and China. Strong reductions in deposition velocity lead to considerable accumulation of nitrate aerosol in the boundary layer –up to 10-fold increases in PM2.5 nitrate aerosol, eventually being an important contributor to high PM2.5 levels observed during haze episodes. With this new understanding, aerosol pH and associated liquid water content can be understood as control parameters that drive PM formation and dry deposition flux and arguably can catalyze the accumulation of aerosol precursors that cause intense haze events throughout the globe.</p>

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