In the present study, a concrete life-cycle assessment system (CLAS) is developed that can easily and quantitatively assess green-house gas emissions during the production of concrete by applying life-cycle assessment techniques. The CLAS is divided into simple and detailed assessment methods; a database (DB) of a standard mix design and energy consumption amount, and basic green-house units applicable to each method, was constructed. A case assessment using the developed system showed that the green-house gas emission determined by the detailed assessment method differed from that by the simple assessment method by approximately 10%. These results show that the proposed method is suitable for estimating green-house gas emissions related to concrete.
Investigating trade-offs between the operating cost and green house gas emissions from water distribution systems
