Uniformly distributed sequences with an additional uniform property

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.M. Sobol
2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 974-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin L. Einhorn

Economic historians have traced the origin of the uniform property tax in the United States to the insertion of uniformity clauses into state constitutions in the Northwest and to efforts to tax commercial wealth. This article shows that the tax was created by legislation in the Northeast and that the first constitutional clauses were adopted in the South to protect slaveholders. It is time for historians of the U.S. political economy to abandon the dated paradigms of the “progressive history” tradition.


2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 788-805
Author(s):  
M. R. Kantorovitz ◽  
H. S. Booth ◽  
C. J. Burden ◽  
S. R. Wilson

Given two sequences of length n over a finite alphabet A of size |A| = d, the D 2 statistic is the number of k-letter word matches between the two sequences. This statistic is used in bioinformatics for EST sequence database searches. Under the assumption of independent and identically distributed letters in the sequences, Lippert, Huang and Waterman (2002) raised questions about the asymptotic behavior of D 2 when the alphabet is uniformly distributed. They expressed a concern that the commonly assumed normality may create errors in estimating significance. In this paper we answer those questions. Using Stein's method, we show that, for large enough k, the D 2 statistic is approximately normal as n gets large. When k = 1, we prove that, for large enough d, the D 2 statistic is approximately normal as n gets large. We also give a formula for the variance of D 2 in the uniform case.


1965 ◽  
Vol 161 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Baayen ◽  
G. Helmberg

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