Antiphospholipid syndrome associated to pulmonary embolism, vena cava inferior and deep vein thrombosis in a patient with aids

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) poses unique diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas in the intensive care unit (ICU). Immobility, inflammatory states, and trauma uniquely predispose surgical ICU patients to deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Concurrently, the risks of perioperative and traumatic bleeding complicate management of VTE, with anticoagulation contraindicated in many scenarios. This review surveys the latest evidence in the diagnosis and management of VTE among critically ill surgical patients. It discusses evidence-based guidelines regarding diagnostic imaging, anticoagulation, prophylaxis, inferior vena cava filters, non–vitamin K oral anticoagulants, and surgical and catheter-based therapies. The review also examines the special challenges encountered when treating multisystem trauma patients. Key words: anticoagulation therapy, deep vein thrombosis, pharmacoprophylaxis, pulmonary embolism, venous thromboembolism

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Management of Acute Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis

DeckerMed Surgery ◽

10.2310/surg.3084 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Albeir Y Mousa

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽

Venous Thrombosis ◽

Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽

Inferior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

External Compression ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Surgical Thrombectomy ◽

Deep Vein

Acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of iliofemoral segment is one of the most dreaded presentations of venous thromboembolism, as it can not only compromise the function of the extremity but may also result in pulmonary embolism and even death. There are many causes for acute iliofemoral DVT, including underdiagnosed May-Thurner syndrome, hypercoagulable syndrome, and external compression on iliocaval segment. The available treatment depends on the acuity of the symptoms. Acute iliofemoral DVT can be treated with medical anticoagulation, pharmacomechanical therapy, including thrombolysis or surgical thrombectomy. Chronic iliofemoral occlusion may be treated with recanalization of the occluded segments with angioplasty stenting. This review contains 4 Figures, 4 Tables and 63 references Key Words: acute, angioplasty, deep venous thrombosis, iliofemoral, inferior vena cava, pharmacomechanical therapy, occlusion, stent

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Management of Acute Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis

10.2310/vasc.3084 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Albeir Y Mousa

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽

Venous Thrombosis ◽

Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽

Inferior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

External Compression ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Surgical Thrombectomy ◽

Deep Vein

Acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of iliofemoral segment is one of the most dreaded presentations of venous thromboembolism, as it can not only compromise the function of the extremity but may also result in pulmonary embolism and even death. There are many causes for acute iliofemoral DVT, including underdiagnosed May-Thurner syndrome, hypercoagulable syndrome, and external compression on iliocaval segment. The available treatment depends on the acuity of the symptoms. Acute iliofemoral DVT can be treated with medical anticoagulation, pharmacomechanical therapy, including thrombolysis or surgical thrombectomy. Chronic iliofemoral occlusion may be treated with recanalization of the occluded segments with angioplasty stenting. This review contains 4 Figures, 4 Tables and 63 references Key Words: acute, angioplasty, deep venous thrombosis, iliofemoral, inferior vena cava, pharmacomechanical therapy, occlusion, stent

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Treatment: catheter-based intervention and inferior vena cava filters

ESC CardioMed ◽

10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0664 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 2781-2786

Author(s):

Ronald S. Winokur ◽

Akhilesh K. Sista

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽

Inferior Vena Cava ◽

Inferior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Inferior Vena Cava Filters ◽

Vena Cava Filters ◽

Physiological Benefits ◽

Deep Vein

Venous thromboembolism including pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis leads to short- and long-term morbidity and in some cases mortality. Although treatment approaches vary among institutions based on local expertise, the employment of interventional techniques is of great interest. Several studies have shown clinical and physiological benefits from catheter-based techniques. However, these therapies are not without risk, especially with the use of powerful thrombolytic agents that increase the rate of bleeding. This chapter reviews the catheter-based techniques for the management of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism as well as the indications and complications of inferior vena cava filters.

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