The burrowing behavior of sand lance, Ammodytes hexapterus: Effects of oil-contaminated sediment

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.H. Pearson ◽  
D.L. Woodruff ◽  
P.C. Sugarman ◽  
B.L. Olla
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Sediment ◽  
Sand Lance ◽  
Ammodytes Hexapterus ◽  
Burrowing Behavior

First records of Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Polar Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2291-2296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Falardeau ◽  
Caroline Bouchard ◽  
Dominique Robert ◽  
Louis Fortier
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Canadian Arctic Archipelago ◽  
Sand Lance ◽  
Ammodytes Hexapterus ◽  
Pacific Sand Lance

TOXICITY OF DISPERSED AND UNDISPERSED PRUDHOE BAY CRUDE OIL FRACTIONS TO SHRIMP AND FISH

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack W. Anderson ◽  
Robert Riley ◽  
Steve Kiesser ◽  
James Gurtisen
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Sand Lance ◽  
Ammodytes Hexapterus ◽  
Dispersed Oil ◽  
Reduced Toxicity ◽  
Prudhoe Bay

ABSTRACT Many previous studies of oil toxicity used high oil concentrations and water soluble fractions (WSF). The aim of this study was to approximate field conditions, in which weathering and chemical dispersions reduce the volatile fractions of spilled crude oil. The objective was to determine the extent of toxicity reduction produced by decreased concentrations of monoaromatics and diaromatics. The study measured the relative toxicity of fresh Prudhoe Bay crude (PBC) oil and two distillation fractions (Stage I and Stage II) and their chemical dispersions to the shrimp Pandalus danae and the fish Ammodytes hexapterus (sand lance). The hydrocarbon composition of the three oils, the WSF of the oils, and the chemical dispersions were measured. Distillation of fresh PBC oil produced a Stage I oil containing very low amounts of monoaromatics (benzene and alkylbenzenes) but with the diaromatics relatively unchanged. Further distillation produced a Stage II oil which contained only higher molecular weight aromatics of three rings (phenanthrenes) and greater. Saturate hydrocarbons with corresponding boiling points also were removed. Bioassays on shrimp with dispersed oils showed that the removal of monoaromatics (Stage I) reduced toxicity about sevenfold. The WSF of Stage I oil and both WSF and dispersions of Stage II oil were not toxic to shrimp. Toxicity from fresh PBC oil WSF and dispersions was likely the result of the combination of monoaromatic and diaromatic compounds. Sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) mortality did not correlate with the aromatic content of the oils, but appeared to be affected by dispersed oil droplets of all three oils to about the same degree. The fish were more resistant to dispersed oil than the shrimp (higher toxicity index). However, when latent mortality is considered, the data show that the fish may be more sensitive than shrimp to dispersed oil.

Foraging Behavior of Hatchery-Produced Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Smolts on Live Prey

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1915-1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Paszkowski ◽  
Bori L. Olla
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
Sand Lance ◽  
Live Prey ◽  
Ammodytes Hexapterus ◽  
Natural Prey

We presented three groups of naive hatchery-produced, pellet-reared coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) with live, natural prey and observed their foraging behavior. Of 26 individuals examined, 20 captured one or more Crangon (sand shrimp) within 1 h of their first exposure to these prey. Six older [Formula: see text] accelerated smolts (underyearlings) displayed improved foraging performances with experience, capturing their first Crangon sooner during their second, compared with their first, exposure. Four of five of these fish successfully captured sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) within 1 h of their first presentation. Two groups of 10 recently smolted fingerlings (< 190 mm TL), one accelerated and one conventionally reared (yearlings), were used in choice experiments and simultaneously offered equal masses of Crangon and pellets. Six of the accelerated and seven of the conventionally reared fish ate larger amounts of Crangon than pellets, with all 20 fish striking more at Crangon than at pellets. Our results suggest that a majority of hatchery-produced coho salmon smolts readily recognize, capture, and ingest natural prey and seem capable of foraging successfully upon release into the marine environment.

scholarly journals Diet of the Pacific Sand Lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) in the Salish Sea, British Columbia, in the 1960s

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mark Hipfner ◽  
Moira Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Salish Sea ◽  
Sand Lance ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Ammodytes Hexapterus ◽  
Saanich Inlet ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Sand Lance ◽  
Calanus Marshallae

The diet of the Pacific Sand Lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) was quantified from the stomach contents of 115 Pacific Sand Lance caught in the Strait of Georgia and Saanich Inlet (Vancouver Island) in the Salish Sea, British Columbia, in the spring and summer of 1966, in the Strait of Georgia in the spring and summer of 1967, and in the Strait of Georgia and Saanich Inlet in the spring and summer of 1968. There were 12 major taxa of prey in diets, 8 of which were Crustacea. Based on an index of relative importance, copepods were the dominant prey in 1966 and 1968, but not in 1967, when cladocerans, larvaceans, and teleosts also were common. The copepods Pseudocalanus spp. and Calanus marshallae were the only taxa to appear in diets in all three years. Pseudocalanus dominated the copepod component of diets in 1966, when sampling occurred in July; unspecified copepod nauplii (an early larval stage) were dominant in 1967 and 1968, when sampling occurred earlier (April to June). With the profound changes that have occurred in the Salish Sea over recent decades, these data can serve as a baseline for comparison.

Rhinoceros Auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) Nestling Diet May Gauge Pacific Sand Lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) Recruitment

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1908-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas F. Bertram ◽  
Gary W. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sand Lance ◽  
Ammodytes Hexapterus ◽  
Nestling Diet ◽  
Cerorhinca Monocerata ◽  
Pacific Sand Lance ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Rhinoceros Auklet ◽  
Seabird Colonies

We studied (1984–86) the diet of rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) nestlings at three colonies on the British Columbia coast (Lucy islands, Pine Island, and Triangle Island). On the Lucy Islands, Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) dominated nestling food loads in all years. In 1985, 0+ sand lance dominated the nestling diet on all colonies. Concurrent measures of nestling growth rate, independent indexes of ocean production, and the proportion of sand lance in groundfish stomach samples were also highest in 1985. This suggests a linkage between ocean production, 0+ sand lance abundance, and events on seabird colonies over a broad geographic range. We emphasize the importance of sand lance to temperate seabirds and contrast British Columbia with areas where sand lance are commercially exploited. Rhinoceros auklet nestling diet, growth, and other data collected on colonies suggest that long-term monitoring on seabird colonies can contribute timely and inexpensive information on the recruitment of sand lance stocks in Canadian waters.

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