Synthesis of proteins during differentiation of the bean rust fungus

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bor-Fuei Huang ◽  
Richard C. Staples
Keyword(s):  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Bean Rust

scholarly journals Isolates of Uromyces appendiculatus with Specific Virulence to Landraces of Phaseolus vulgaris of Andean Origin

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig M. Sandlin ◽  
James R. Steadman ◽  
Carlos M. Araya ◽  
Dermot P. Coyne
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Specific Virulence

Five isolates of the bean rust fungus Uromyces appendiculatus were shown to be specifically virulent on bean genotypes of Andean origin. This specificity was demonstrated by the virulence of five pairs of isolates on a differential set of 30 Phaseolus vulgaris landraces. Each isolate pair was from a different country in the Americas and consisted of one Andean-specific isolate and one nonspecific isolate. Of the differential P. vulgaris landraces, 15 were of Middle American origin and 15 were of Andean origin. The Andean-specific rust isolates were highly virulent on Andean landraces but not on landraces of Middle American origin. Rust isolates with virulence to Middle American landraces were also generally virulent on Andean material; no truly Middle American-specific isolates were found. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of the rust isolates also distinguished the two groups. Four of the Andean-specific rust isolates formed a distinct group compared to four of the nonspecific isolates. Two of the isolates, one from each of the two virulence groups, had intermediate RAPD banding patterns, suggesting that plasmagomy but not karyogamy occurred between isolates of the two groups.

Host-parasite relationships in bean cultivars of varying susceptibility to bean rust

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1551-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
M W Harding ◽  
J C Stutz ◽  
R W Roberson
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Infection Efficiency ◽  
Host Cytoplasm ◽  
Short Latent Period ◽  
Host Parasite

Components of disease development were measured in three cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean) infected with Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.:Pers.) Unger (bean rust fungus) race O. Disease measurements and light and electron microscope data of host-parasite relationships were obtained and analyzed. Uredinial size, infection efficiency, latent period, and fungal colony radius were measured from infected bean leaves that were grown under controlled conditions. Phaseolus vulgaris cultivar Pinto 111, a highly susceptible check, displayed the largest uredinia, the highest infection efficiency, large colony radii, and a short latent period. Cultivars Early Gallatin and Kentucky Wonder (K.W.) 814 displayed moderate and low susceptibility, respectively. Cultivar Early Gallatin had smaller uredinia, reduced infection efficiency, and longer latent period when compared with cv. Pinto 111. Cultivar K.W. 814 was characterized by minute pustules, restricted colony expansion, and the longest latent period. Ultrastructural data of host-parasite relationships were collected from infected leaf tissues and prepared for transmission electron microscopy by high-pressure cryofixation and freeze substitution. In 'Pinto 111' the collars around haustorial necks were composed of a fibrillar network embedded in an electron transparent matrix. Ultrastructural observations indicated that Cultivars K.W. 814 and Early Gallatin deposited more collar material than 'Pinto 111.' Networks of tubular endomembranes developed near the host-parasite interface in the host cytoplasm of cultivars K.W. 814 and Early Gallatin. The tubules showed continuity with the extrahaustorial membrane and contained an amorphous, electron-dense material in the lumen. Tubular endomembranes were not seen in the highly susceptible cultivar Pinto 111.

A Molecular Approach to Distinguish the Bean Rust and Siratro Rust Pathogens

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS Braithwaite ◽  
JM Manners ◽  
DJ Maclean ◽  
JAG Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Repeat Unit ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Dna Repeat ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Genomic Probes ◽  
Rust Pathogens

Rust disease on the tropical pasture legume Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro) is caused by Uromyces appendiculatus var. crassitunicatus. This pathogen was believed to be closely related to the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) rust pathogen Uromyces appendiculatus var. appendiculatus. The genetic relationship between these two fungi was investigated. Total DNA hybridisations indicated that little homology exists between the high copy genomic DNA of these two rust fungi. Random genomic probes cloned from the bean rust fungus detected extensive Polymorphisms between the two, with only one probe from 17 being monomorphic. The ribosomal DNA repeat unit was also distinguished by RFLPs. It was calculated from the RFLP data that the bean rust fungus and the siratro rust fungus share only 8-14% sequence homology. The results indicate that the two fungi, although morphologically very similar, are not closely related genetically.

scholarly journals Virulence and isozyme diversity of sexual versus asexual collections of Uromyces appendiculatus (bean rust fungus)

Heredity ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
James V Groth ◽  
John W McCain ◽  
Alan P Roelfs
Keyword(s):  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Isozyme Diversity

Interactions of the nonhost French bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris) with parasitic and saprophytic fungi. IV. Effect of preinoculation with the bean rust fungus on growth of parasitic fungi nonpathogenic on beans

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1642-1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam R. Fernandez ◽  
Michèle C. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Wall Appositions ◽  
Bean Leaves

Bean leaves inoculated 24 h previously with the bean rust fungus were inoculated with spores of Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Stemphylium sarcinaeforme, Stemphylium botryosum, or Cladosporium fulvum. For all species except C. fulvum, hyphal growth resulting from stomatal penetrations was greater than that in leaves that were not rust-infected but did not continue for more than about 24 h. The incidence of direct penetrations for these three fungi also was increased by prior rust infection, and the incidence of epidermal wall appositions was reduced. Growth of C. fulvum in rust-infected leaves only exceeded that in control leaves when spores were injected into the intercellular spaces of the mesophyll tissue. Rust infection either had little effect on the incidence of cell death, normally induced by all of the tested fungi except C. fulvum, or it enhanced this response in association with greater fungal growth. From this and previous studies, it seems that successful rust infection increases the growth of a wider array of fungi nonparasitic to beans than treatments with growth regulators or intercellular washing fluids from rusted tissue. Its effect is most closely mimicked by preinoculation treatments with heat or protein synthesis inhibitors, but it does not induce indiscriminate susceptibility. Its effect may, in part, be due to the suppression of defenses involving wall modifications. Key words: Uromyces appendiculatus, induced susceptibility, nonhost resistance.

An evalution of the nitrous acid – 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride – ferric chloride assay for chitin in rust fungi and rust-infected tissue

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2575-2580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan G. W. Kaminskyj ◽  
Michèle C. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Reactive Component ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Fungus Growth

The growth of the bean rust and cowpea rust fungi was examined in cultivars of French bean and cowpea using light microscopy and the nitrous acid – 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride – ferric chloride assay for chitin. Comparison of the results indicated that the chitin assay did not detect changes in vegetative growth but only detected substances present in mature and developing urediospores. Examination of urediospores indicated that the reactive component(s) was hexosamine, probably glucosamine, but not chitin. The presence of strongly reactive substances in the urediospores, and the apparent low level of chitin in vegetative mycelium compared with that in the mycelium of the commercial mushroom, suggest that this chitin assay is of little value in estimating rust fungus growth in infected plant tissue.

scholarly journals Vegetative development of Uromyces appendiculatus var. appendiculatus in Phaseolus vulgaris

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2003-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Gold ◽  
K. Mendgen
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Mesophyll Cell ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Mesophyll Cells

The morphology of intercellular and intracellular hyphae derived from basidiospores of Uromyces appendiculatus var. appendiculatus is described. Light and electron microscopic observations of the bean rust fungus were made on susceptible leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris from 3 to 10 days after inoculation. Following egress from invaded epidermal and palisade parenchyma cells, the fungus grew rapidly and developed extensive intercellular mycelium. An amorphous to fibrillar extracellular matrix was deposited between fungal and host cell walls. Intercellular hyphae grew closely appressed to the mesophyll cells and penetrated them to form intracellular hyphae from either a terminal or nonterminal mother cell. Intracellular hyphae were fingerlike, sometimes septate, and generally remained terminal in the invaded mesophyll cell. Occasionally the fungus exited the cell to become an intercellular hypha or an intracellular hypha in an adjacent host cell. The plant rarely exhibited a resistantlike reaction at sites of penetration into mesophyll cells.

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