Optimum distance between freezing columns in shaft sinking (in Russian)

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 158
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Distance ◽  
Shaft Sinking

The Field Measure of Special Strata Freezing Temperature in West Area

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 1207-1210
Author(s):  
Jun Hao Chen ◽  
Rui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Design Requirement ◽  
Shaft Sinking ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Security Information ◽  
Frozen Wall ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Circle Tube ◽  
Field Measure

A new round of upsurge of mine well construction were set off in the west area, but there are many problems, this article through the field measure of special strata freezing temperature in Bo-jiang-hai-zi coal mine airshaft, use the freezing shaft sinking security information network visualization platform that developed by Anhui University of Science and Technology, analysis several different strata, obtain the overall temperatre decline rate, and compare the difference between in-site shaft well temperature and the calculation value at different position, and difference is very small, it shows that the platform can good response the actual situation. Through calculation, the frozen wall thickness, average of frozen wall temperature, shaft well temperature are meet the engineering design requirement, so propose that in west area at the freezing method mine well construction, the main purpose is waterproof, and use single circle tube freezing can satisfy engineering design requirements.

scholarly journals Estimating primary energy of cosmic rays by calculating secondary particles density in optimum distance from shower core

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 1750190
Author(s):  
G. Rastegarzadeh ◽  
L. Rafezi
Keyword(s):  
Primary Particle ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Estimation ◽  
Array Configuration ◽  
Secondary Particles ◽  
Shower Core ◽  
Optimum Distance ◽  
Array Detectors ◽  
Estimation Function ◽  
Minimum Uncertainty

Optimum distance (R[Formula: see text]) is a distance from the shower core in which the density calculated by lateral distribution function, has its minimum uncertainty. In this paper, using CORSIKA code, proton, carbon and iron primary in the energy range between 10[Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]eV are simulated to find R[Formula: see text] for Alborz-I array located at an altitude of 1200[Formula: see text]m above sea level. It is shown that R[Formula: see text] is approximately independent of characteristics of primary particle and it is only dependent to array configuration. Dependency of R[Formula: see text] on layout and detector spacing for 20 Alborz-I array detectors, are studied. It is shown that the Alborz-I array layout and its detector spacing result into the best (minimum uncertainty) R[Formula: see text] for its number of detectors. In this work, R[Formula: see text] for Alborz-I array is obtained about [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m (from NKG function) and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m (from NKG type function). In addition, it is shown that, by finding dependency of primary energy to density in optimum distance, energy of primary particle can be estimated well. An energy estimation function is suggested and the function is examined by another set of simulated showers.

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