The Field Measure of Special Strata Freezing Temperature in West Area

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 1207-1210
Author(s):  
Jun Hao Chen ◽  
Rui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Design Requirement ◽  
Shaft Sinking ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Security Information ◽  
Frozen Wall ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Circle Tube ◽  
Field Measure

A new round of upsurge of mine well construction were set off in the west area, but there are many problems, this article through the field measure of special strata freezing temperature in Bo-jiang-hai-zi coal mine airshaft, use the freezing shaft sinking security information network visualization platform that developed by Anhui University of Science and Technology, analysis several different strata, obtain the overall temperatre decline rate, and compare the difference between in-site shaft well temperature and the calculation value at different position, and difference is very small, it shows that the platform can good response the actual situation. Through calculation, the frozen wall thickness, average of frozen wall temperature, shaft well temperature are meet the engineering design requirement, so propose that in west area at the freezing method mine well construction, the main purpose is waterproof, and use single circle tube freezing can satisfy engineering design requirements.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of the Space–Time Effect of a Double-Pipe Frozen Curtain Formation with Different Groundwater Velocities

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3830
Author(s):  
Shicheng Sun ◽  
Chuanxin Rong ◽  
Hua Cheng ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Xiaogang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Physical Model Test ◽  
Sand Layer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Groundwater Velocity ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Freezing Test ◽  
Double Pipe ◽  
Thermal Physical Properties

Groundwater velocity has significant effects on the formation of a frozen curtain during freezing. In order to study the influence of the velocity on a frozen curtain, a large physical model test platform was established for double-pipe freezing. Based on this platform, freezing tests for different velocities were carried out. Quartz sand was selected as a similar material. The freezing temperature of the saturated sand layer was found by analyzing the results of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Based on the study of the thermal physical properties of the sand layer, the freezing test results were analyzed, and the results showed that the flow led to the differential development of the temperature between the upstream and downstream sections of the freezing pipes. Moreover, the larger the velocity, the greater the difference. The flow prolonged the overlapping time of the frozen curtains. Additionally, the flow slowed down the development of the frozen curtain area and the frozen curtain thickness. The larger the flow velocity, the greater the inhibition of the flow on the development of the frozen curtain. The test results can provide more references for the design and construction of freezing engineering with flowing groundwater.

Algorithms for Density, Potential Temperature, Conservative Temperature, and the Freezing Temperature of Seawater

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1709-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Jackett ◽  
Trevor J. McDougall ◽  
Rainer Feistel ◽  
Daniel G. Wright ◽  
Stephen M. Griffies
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Thermodynamic Potential ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Inverse Function ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Ocean Models ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Equation ◽  
Density Equation

Abstract Algorithms are presented for density, potential temperature, conservative temperature, and the freezing temperature of seawater. The algorithms for potential temperature and density (in terms of potential temperature) are updates to routines recently published by McDougall et al., while the algorithms involving conservative temperature and the freezing temperatures of seawater are new. The McDougall et al. algorithms were based on the thermodynamic potential of Feistel and Hagen; the algorithms in this study are all based on the “new extended Gibbs thermodynamic potential of seawater” of Feistel. The algorithm for the computation of density in terms of salinity, pressure, and conservative temperature produces errors in density and in the corresponding thermal expansion coefficient of the same order as errors for the density equation using potential temperature, both being twice as accurate as the International Equation of State when compared with Feistel’s new equation of state. An inverse function relating potential temperature to conservative temperature is also provided. The difference between practical salinity and absolute salinity is discussed, and it is shown that the present practice of essentially ignoring the difference between these two different salinities is unlikely to cause significant errors in ocean models.

The Application of Fuzzy Synthesis Evaluation Method on Assessing Bridge Durability

2012 ◽  
Vol 594-597 ◽  
pp. 1033-1037
Author(s):  
Fei Zheng ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Pu Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Concrete Bridges ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Fuzzy Mathematics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Index Model ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fuzzy Synthesis Evaluation ◽  
Durability Of Concrete

Assessment of the structure durability of concrete bridge in service is crucial for determining whether their service performance is meeting the design requirements or not. In this paper we classify the whole structure of bridge into two levels, i.e.bridge structure and bridge components. A two-level-multi-index model for evaluating the durability of concrete bridges in service is established based on the dependent functions of various factors, in which the dependent functions are chosen in accordance with the difference of various factors affecting the deterioration of durability of components. In this model, the durability of the bridge is divided into five different fuzzy levels: intact, disrepaired, damaged, severely damaged, and dangerous. Finally, based on fuzzy mathematics theory, the durability level of a bridge in practice is evaluated by using the maximum subordination principle.

Current research in the engineering design requirement

2002 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Darlington ◽  
S J Culley
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Requirements Engineering ◽  
Software Requirements ◽  
Design Domain ◽  
Design Requirement ◽  
Design Task ◽  
Design Goal ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Subject

The design requirement is a description of the desired solution to a problem. In engineering design, as in all other, a clear expression of a well-formulated design goal is vital for successful and efficient completion of the design task. The nature of the design requirement and the processes by which it is achieved have been the subject of a wide variety of research. The purpose of the paper is twofold. Firstly, it sets out to collate and discuss representative research in this area in order to give an overview of the current scope of the work. Secondly, it seeks to draw a comparison with the task of developing the design requirement for software and information systems and to initiate a discussion that considers to what extent the substantial body of research in software requirements engineering might help to give an understanding of the design requirement for the engineering design domain. A tentative characterization of the differences between the tasks in the two domains is presented, and representative papers from requirements engineering are used to suggest areas of overlap as a starting point for further investigation.

scholarly journals Validation of Doppler Temperature Coefficients and Component Power Distribution for the Advanced Neutronics Component Program KYLIN V2.0

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Jichong ◽  
Xie Jinsen ◽  
Chen Zhenping ◽  
Yu Tao ◽  
Yang Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Engineering ◽  
Temperature Coefficients ◽  
The Core ◽  
Fuel Assemblies ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Design Software ◽  
Good Agreement

This work is interested in verifying and analyzing the advanced neutronics assembly program KYLIN V2.0. Assembly calculations are an integral part of the two-step calculation for core design, and their accuracy directly affects the results of the core physics calculations. In this paper, we use the Doppler coefficient numerical benchmark problem and CPR1000 AFA-3G fuel assemblies to verify and analyze the advanced neutronics assembly program KYLIN V2.0 developed by the Nuclear Power Institute of China. The analysis results show that the Doppler coefficients calculated by KYLIN V2.0 are in good agreement with the results of other well-known nuclear engineering design software in the world; the power distributions of AFA-3G fuel assemblies are in good agreement with the results of the RMC calculations, it’s error distribution is in accordance with the normal distribution. It shows that KYLIN V2.0 has high calculation accuracy and meets the engineering design requirements.

scholarly journals Icephobicity of Functionalized Graphene Surfaces

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Xiong Zhang ◽  
Min Chen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Sodium Ions ◽  
Functionalized Graphene ◽  
Functionalized Surfaces ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Manipulating the ice nucleation ability of liquid water by solid surface is of fundamental importance, especially in the design of icephobic surfaces. In this paper, the icephobicity of graphene surfaces functionalized by sodium ions, chloride ions, or methane molecules is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The icephobicity of the surface is evaluated by the freezing temperature. The freezing temperature on surface functionalized by methane molecules decreases at first and then increases as a function of the number groups, while the freezing temperature increases monotonically as a function of the number groups upon surfaces functionalized by sodium ions or chloride ions. The difference can be partially explained by the potential morphologies near the surfaces. Additionally, the validity of indicating the ice nucleation ability of water molecules using the number of six rings in the system is examined. Current study shows that the ice nucleation upon functionalized surfaces is inhibited when compared with smooth graphene substrate, which proves the feasibility of changing the icephobicity of the surfaces by functionalizing with certain ions or molecules.

The Design Requirement for an Unattended Engine Room Steam Propulsion Plant

1972 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 205-215
Author(s):  
william G. Bullock ◽  
Frank D. Yonika
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Design Requirement ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Ship Construction ◽  
Engine Room ◽  
Base Reference ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Reference Document

This paper is a summary of a report prepared by the Office of Ship Construction to provide a base reference document from which a detailed design for an automated steam propulsion plant will be developed for unattended engine room operation. As the design details are developed, it may be anticipated that some of the concepts and preliminary design requirements discussed herein may be modified and/or changed to reflect these developments. It should also be noted that the concepts and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Maritime Administration.

scholarly journals Study on the Formation Law of the Freezing Temperature Field of Freezing Shaft Sinking under the Action of Large-Flow-Rate Groundwater

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Chuan-xin Rong ◽  
Jian Lin ◽  
Hua Cheng ◽  
Hai-bing Cai
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Porosity Reduction ◽  
Shaft Sinking ◽  
Large Flow

Taking into account moisture migration and heat change during the soil freezing process, as well as the influence of absolute porosity reduction on seepage during the freezing process, we construct a numerical model of hydrothermal coupling using laws of conservation of energy and mass. The model is verified by the results of large-scale laboratory tests. By applying the numerical calculation model to the formation of artificial shaft freezing temperature fields under the action of large-flow groundwater, we conclude that groundwater with flow rates of less than 5 m/d will not have a significant impact on the artificial freezing temperature field. The maximum flow rates that can be handled by single-row freezing pipes and double-row freezing pipes are 10 m/d and 20 m/d, respectively, during the process of freezing shaft sinking. By analyzing the variation of groundwater flow rate during freezing process, we find that the groundwater flow velocity can reach 5–7 times the initial flow velocity near the closure moment of the frozen wall. Finally, in light of the action characteristics of groundwater on the freezing temperature field, we make suggestions for optimal pipe and row spacing in freezing pipe arrangement.

OPTIMUM DESIGN OF CANTILEVERED MICROPROBES FOR INSPECTING LCD PANELS AND MEASUREMENT OF CONTACTING FORCES

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (15n16) ◽  
pp. 2429-2434 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHEOL KIM ◽  
KWANG-JOONG KIM
Keyword(s):  
Shape Optimization ◽  
Optimum Design ◽  
Measuring Equipment ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Design Requirement ◽  
Fine Pitch ◽  
Mems Fabrication ◽  
Topology And Shape Optimization ◽  
Design Requirements

Fine pitch microprobe arrays are microneedle-like probes for inspecting the pixels of LCD panels or IC. They are usually made of multi-layers of metallic, nonmetallic, or combination of the two. The design requirement for a contacting force is less than 2 gf and a deflection should be less than 100 µm. Many microprobe shapes satisfying the design requirements are possible. A cantilever-type microprobe having many needles was chosen and optimized in this study. Several candidate shapes were chosen using topology and shape optimization technique subjected to design requirements. Then, the microprobe arrays were fabricated using the process applied for MEMS fabrication and they were made of BeNi , BeCu , or Si . The contact probing forces and deflections were measured for checking the results from optimum design by newly developed measuring equipment in our laboratory. Numerical and experimental results were compared and both showed a good correlation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document