Intense cold noxious stimulation of the rat hindpaw induces c-fos expression in lumbar spinal cord neurons

Consideration of the stimulus intensities and evoked sensations produced by pain relieving transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS) and acupuncture suggests that a wide range of primary afferents may be involved. High frequency (over 50 Hz), low intensity TENS probably only activates large mechanoreceptive primary afferents innervating skin, whereas low frequency, higher intensity TENS (Eriksson et al. 1979) and acupuncture will also activate other types of primary afferent from skin and deeper tissues. Studies in spinal cats have shown that conditioning stimuli applied to muscle nerve at intensities that would evoke group III (Sjölund et al. 1979) and C fibre (Chung et al. 1983) afferents, will inhibit reflex responses to cutaneous nerve stimulation at intensities which would evoke C fibre activity. These preliminary experiments have been carried out to examine the effects of various intensities and frequencies of peripheral nerve, particularly muscle nerve, stimulation, on responses of lumbar spinal cord neurons to noxious thermal stimulation of the skin.

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Carrageenin-evoked c-Fos expression in rat lumbar spinal cord: the effects of indomethacin

European Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/0014-2999(94)00656-r ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 272 (2-3) ◽

pp. 249-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Prisca Honoré ◽

Jaroslava Buritova ◽

Jean-Marie Besson

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽

Fos Expression ◽

Lumbar Spinal

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The Effect of a Thoracic Spinal Block on Fos Expression in the Lumbar Spinal Cord of the Rat Induced by a Noxious Electrical Stimulus at the Hindpaw

Anesthesia & Analgesia ◽

10.1213/ane.0b013e3181b5a1eb ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 109 (5) ◽

pp. 1659-1665

Author(s):

Janneke L. P. Giele ◽

Anneke F. Nabers ◽

Jan G. Veening ◽

Jan van Egmond ◽

Kris C. P. Vissers

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Electrical Stimulus ◽

Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Block ◽

Thoracic Spinal ◽

Fos Expression ◽

Lumbar Spinal

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Features of laminar and somatotopic organization of lumbar spinal cord units receiving cutaneous inputs from hindlimb receptive fields

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.1984.52.3.449 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 449-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

A. R. Light ◽

R. G. Durkovic

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Receptive Field ◽

Receptive Fields ◽

Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Neurons ◽

Spinal Cord Neurons ◽

Somatotopic Organization ◽

Single Unit Recordings ◽

Lumbar Spinal ◽

Rectangular Columns

Single-unit recordings from 312 units of lamina I-VII of the lumbar spinal cord of unanesthetized, decerebrate, T8 spinal cats were used to determine the somatotopic and laminar organization of spinal neurons responding to cutaneous stimulation of the hindlimb. Properties of cells confined to different Rexed laminae (I-VII) were shown to differ in several respects, including responses to variations in stimulus intensity, receptive-field areas, spontaneous frequencies, and central delays. Spinal cord neurons with similarly localized cutaneous receptive fields were found to be organized in sagittally oriented rectangular columns. These columns were 7 to at least 20 mm long (rostral-caudal axis), 0.5-1.0 mm wide, and could encompass laminae I-VII in depth. Touch, pressure, and pinch were effective excitatory inputs into each column subserving a given receptive-field location. A map of the somatotopic organization of units in the horizontal plane is presented, which in general confirms previous reports and in particular deals with the organization of units with receptive fields on the plantar cushion and individual toes.

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Locomotor-Activated Neurons of the Cat. I. Serotonergic Innervation and Co-Localization of 5-HT7, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT1A Receptors in the Thoraco-Lumbar Spinal Cord

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.91179.2008 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 102 (3) ◽

pp. 1560-1576 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Brian R. Noga ◽

Dawn M. G. Johnson ◽

Mirta I. Riesgo ◽

Alberto Pinzon

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽

Lumbar Spinal ◽

Rostrocaudal Gradient ◽

Activity Dependent ◽

Decerebrate Cats ◽

Intermediolateral Nucleus ◽

Serotonergic Modulation ◽

Stimulation Of ◽

Serotonergic Innervation

Monoamines are strong modulators and/or activators of spinal locomotor networks. Thus monoaminergic fibers likely contact neurons involved in generating locomotion. The aim of the present study was to investigate the serotonergic innervation of locomotor-activated neurons within the thoraco-lumbar spinal cord following induction of hindlimb locomotion. This was determined by immunohistochemical co-localization of serotonin (5-HT) fibers or 5-HT7/5-HT2A/5-HT1A receptors with cells expressing the activity-dependent marker c-fos. Experiments were performed on paralyzed, decerebrate cats in which locomotion was induced by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region. Abundant c-fos immunoreactive cells were observed in laminae VII and VIII throughout the thoraco-lumbar segments of locomotor animals. Control sections from the same segments showed significantly fewer labeled neurons, mostly within the dorsal horn. Multiple serotonergic boutons were found in close apposition to the majority (80–100%) of locomotor cells, which were most abundant in lumbar segments L3–7. 5-HT7 receptor immunoreactivity was observed on cells across the thoraco-lumbar segments (T7–L7), in a dorsoventral gradient. Most locomotor-activated cells co-localized with 5-HT7, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT1A receptors, with largest numbers in laminae VII and VIII. Co-localization of c-fos and 5-HT7 receptor was highest in the L5–L7 segments (>90%) and decreased rostrally (to ∼50%) due to the absence of receptors on cells within the intermediolateral nucleus. In contrast, 60–80 and 35–80% of c-fos immunoreactive cells stained positive for 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors, respectively, with no rostrocaudal gradient. These results indicate that serotonergic modulation of locomotion likely involves 5-HT7/5-HT2A/5-HT1A receptors located on the soma and proximal dendrites of serotonergic-innervated locomotor-activated neurons within laminae VII and VIII of thoraco-lumbar segments.

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ELECTROACUPUNCTURE DECREASES C-FOS EXPRESSION IN THE SPINAL CORD INDUCED BY NOXIOUS STIMULATION OF THE RAT BLADDER

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1097/00005392-199812010-00099 ◽

1998 ◽

pp. 2274-2279 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

CARL J. CHANG ◽

SHIH-TSUNG HUANG ◽

KENNETH HSU ◽

AUSTIN LIN ◽

MARSHALL L. STOLLER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Noxious Stimulation ◽

Rat Bladder ◽

Fos Expression ◽

Stimulation Of

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N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Antagonist Inhibits NR-1 Subunit Phosphorylation of the Spinal N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Induced by Low Frequency Electroacupuncture

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x07005454 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 35 (06) ◽

pp. 987-993 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Byeol-Rim Kang ◽

Chang-Beohm Ahn ◽

Byung-Tae Choi

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Dorsal Horn ◽

Peripheral Nerves ◽

Intrathecal Injection ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Serine Phosphorylation ◽

Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽

Aspartate Receptor ◽

Lumbar Spinal ◽

Stimulation Of

We investigated whether the 2 Hz electroacupuncture (EA) analgesia is associated with phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) NR-1 subunits and NMDAR antagonism in the lumbar spinal cord of rats. EA stimulation produced an increase of serine phosphorylation of NMDAR NR-1 subunits in the spinal cord as compared with normal conditions. However, the intrathecal injection of NMDAR antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid significantly prevented serine phosphorylation of NMDAR NR-1 subunits induced by EA stimulation in the dorsal horn of spinal cord. These results indicate that EA analgesia by stimulation of peripheral nerves may be involved in an increase of NR-1 serine phosphorylation in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

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