Gas- and Fluid-Injection Technique

2016 ◽  
pp. 107-164
Author(s):  
Hans-Peter Heim
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Injection ◽  
Injection Technique

EFFECT OF BRINE‐GAS MIXTURE ON VELOCITY IN AN UNCONSOLIDATED SAND RESERVOIR

Geophysics ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 882-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Domenico
Keyword(s):  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Compressional Wave ◽  
Fluid Injection ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Compressional Wave Velocity ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Unconsolidated Sand

Gas in an unconsolidated sand reservoir encased in shale often results in a dramatic increase in amplitude of the seismic reflection from the shale/gas‐sand interface. Unfortunately, reflection amplitude appears not to vary linearly with water (brine) saturation, and thus cannot be used to estimate gas quantity. Previously presented theoretical velocity computations, for a Tertiary sedimentary section, which demonstrate that compressional‐wave velocity in an unconsolidated gas sand varies nonlinearly with brine saturation, qualitatively agree with laboratory velocity measurements on a sand specimen composed of pure quartz grains. However, significant departure of measured and theoretical velocities at high brine saturation indicates that the technique for partially saturating the sand specimen by flowing a gas‐brine mixture through the specimen does not provide a sufficiently uniform distribution. The gas preferentially seeks larger pores. In a subsequent experiment on a specimen composed of spherical glass beads of nearly uniform size, the previous, as well as a modified, fluid injection technique was used. For the latter, brine only was injected into the pore space previously filled with a mixture of gas and brine in nearly equal proportions. This resulted in a more uniform distribution of the gas‐brine mixture. For approximately equal brine saturations, this modified technique resulted in a measured compressional‐wave velocity approximately one‐half of the velocity measured for the previously used fluid injection technique. This result implies that if the gas‐brine mixture is uniformly distributed in a reservoir, the fluid compressibility is the weighted‐by‐volume average of the constituent compressibilities.

Studies of the Portal Venous System by Injection Technique

1951 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.O. Holmes ◽  
W.V. Lovitt
Keyword(s):  
Venous System ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Portal Venous System

795-P: Novel Brief Questionnaire and User Guide to Improve Injection Technique

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 795-P
Author(s):  
KATHARINE D. BARNARD ◽  
EDWARD T. MAHONEY ◽  
DIDIER MOREL ◽  
STANISLAV GLEZER
Keyword(s):  
Injection Technique

Fast Method for the Determination of Residual Solvents in Radiopharmaceutical Products

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela Mihon ◽  
Catalin Stelian Tuta ◽  
Alina Catrinel Ion ◽  
Dana Niculae ◽  
Vasile Lavric
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Residual Solvent ◽  
Residual Solvents

The aim of this work was the development and validation of a fast analytical method to determine the residual solvents content in radiopharmaceuticals such as: 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), 18F-Fluoroestradiol (18F-FES), 18F-Fluorothymidine (18F-FLT),18F-Fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO). Radiopharmaceuticals are radioactive preparations for medical purposes used in nuclear medicine as tracers in diagnostic imaging and treatment of certain diseases. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that consists in introducing into the body of a small amount of a biologically active chemical compound labelled with a short lived positron-emitting radioisotope (18F, 11C, 68Ga). Residual solvents are critical impurities in radiopharmaceuticals that can affect labelling, stability and physicochemical properties of drugs. Therefore, the determination of these solvents is essential for quality control of radiopharmaceuticals. Validation of the control method for residual solvents by gas chromatography is referred by the European Pharmacopoeia using a special injection technique (head space). The parameters of the method, which comply with International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, are: accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification and robustness. The proposed method (direct gas chromatography injection) proved to be linear, precise, accurate and robust. Good linearity was achieved for all the solvents and correlation coefficients (R2) for each residual solvent were found more than 0.99.

A new approach to the hydraulic fracture geometric dimensions determination

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
A.M. Ilyasov
Keyword(s):  
Exact Solution ◽  
Hydraulic Fracture ◽  
Pressure Gauge ◽  
Hyperbolic Type ◽  
Fluid Injection ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Gauge Data ◽  
Bottomhole Pressure ◽  
Half Length

Based on the generalized Perkins-Kern-Nordgren model (PKN) for the development of a hyperbolic type vertical hydraulic fracture, an exact solution is obtained for the hydraulic fracture self-oscillations after terminating the fracturing fluid injection. These oscillations are excited by a rarefaction wave that occurs after the injection is stopped. The obtained solution was used to estimate the height, width and half-length of the hydraulic fracture at the time of stopping the hydraulic fracturing fluid injection based on the bottomhole pressure gauge data.

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