Semi-natural habitat complexity affects abundance and movement of natural enemies in organic olive orchards

2019 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 106618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Alejandro Álvarez ◽  
Marina Morente ◽  
F. Shigeo Oi ◽  
Estefanía Rodríguez ◽  
Mercedes Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Natural Habitat

scholarly journals Habitat complexity in organic olive orchards modulates the abundance of natural enemies but not the attraction to plant species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Alejandro Álvarez ◽  
Marina Morente ◽  
Francisca Ruano
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Plant Richness

AbstractSemi-natural habitat complexity and organic management could affect the abundance and diversity of natural enemies and pollinators in olive orchards. Nonetheless, in such agroecosystems the effect of plant structure, plant richness, and plant attraction on the arthropod fauna has been poorly documented. Here we evaluate the influence of those effects jointly as an expression of arthropod abundance and richness in olive trees, ground cover, and adjacent vegetation within organic olive orchards. For this, we used generalized linear models and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) integrating generalized additive models. Our results suggest that natural enemies and pollinators are mainly attracted to A. radiatus, D. catholica, and L. longirrostris within ground cover and G. cinerea speciosa, Q. rotundifolia, R. officinalis, T. zygis gracilis, and U. parviflorus within adjacent vegetation. Accordingly, habitat complexity showed a positive relationship with the abundance of key families of natural enemies and pollinators but not with the number of taxa. NMDS showed that plant richness and plant arrangement and scattering affected the key families differently, suggesting that each key family responds to their individual needs for plant resources but forming groups modulated by complexity. This pattern was especially seeing in predators and omnivores. Our findings support that the higher the plant richness and structure of a semi natural-habitat within an olive orchard, the higher the abundance and richness of a given arthropod community (a pattern found in natural ecosystems). The information presented here can be used by producers and technicians to increase the presence and abundance of natural enemies and pollinators within organic olive orchards, and thus improve the ecosystem services provided by semi-natural habitats.Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Effects of Red Clover Living Mulch on Arthropod Herbivores and Natural Enemies, and Cucumber Yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna M Kahl ◽  
Alan W Leslie ◽  
Cerruti R R Hooks
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Arthropod Communities ◽  
Living Mulch ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Cucumber Yield

Abstract Increasing habitat complexity through cover cropping has been proposed as a tactic to reduce herbivore colonization and encourage natural enemies in cropping systems. To test the supposition that cover crops can be used to alter arthropod communities, we compared arthropod communities on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.; Cucurbitaceae) interplanted with a red clover (Trifolium pratense L.; Fabaceae) living mulch and grown as a monoculture. In 2016 and 2017, visual surveys and yellow sticky card traps were used to estimate numbers of arthropod natural enemies and herbivores in each treatment. Among herbivores, striped cucumber beetles [Acalymma vittatum (Fabricius, 1775); Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] and melon aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877; Hemiptera: Aphididae) had lower densities in the presence of red clover. However, populations of spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, 1947; Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) had a variable response to red clover. Sticky card captures of natural enemies, including bigeyed bugs (Geocoris spp. Fallén; Hemiptera: Geocoridae), minute pirate bugs (Orius spp. Wolff; Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), and lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), were generally greater in cucumber interplanted with red clover than monoculture. Overall, cucumber yield did not differ between treatments. Findings from this study lend support to the hypothesis that greater habitat complexity can reduce herbivore densities.

scholarly journals Effects of distance from semi-natural habitat on fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, J. E. Smith) and its potential natural enemies in Ghana

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Jordon ◽  
Talya D. Hackett ◽  
Fred Aboagye-Antwi ◽  
Vincent Y. Eziah ◽  
Owen T. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Insect crop pests are a major threat to food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Configuration of semi-natural habitat within agricultural landscapes has the potential to enhance biological pest control, helping to maintain yields whilst minimising the negative effects of pesticide use. Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, J. E. Smith) is an increasingly important pest of maize in sub-Saharan Africa, with reports of yield loss between 12 and 45%. We investigated the patterns of fall armyworm leaf damage in maize crops in Ghana, and used pitfall traps and dummy caterpillars to assess the spatial distribution of potential fall armyworm predators. Crop damage from fall armyworm at our study sites increased significantly with distance from the field edge, by up to 4% per m. We found evidence that Araneae activity, richness and diversity correspondingly decreased with distance from semi-natural habitat, although Hymenoptera richness and diversity increased. Our preliminary findings suggest that modifying field configuration to increase the proximity of maize to semi-natural habitat may reduce fall armyworm damage and increase natural enemy activity within crops. Further research is required to determine the level of fall armyworm suppression achievable through natural enemies, and how effectively this could safeguard yields.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF NATURAL HABITAT ON DIVERSITY OF HEMIPTERAN PREDATOR IN OIL PALM PLANTATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Akhmad Rizali ◽  
Toto Himawan ◽  
Ima Fitriani ◽  
Bambang Tri Rahardjo ◽  
Sri Karindah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation

Effect of Natural Habitat on Diversity of Hemipteran Predator in Oil Palm Plantation. Utillization of natural enemies in controlling oil palm pests still encounters obstacles, in particular, how natural enemies can survive and establish in oil palm plantations. The existence of natural habitats around oil palm plantations can allegedly support the occurence of natural enemies. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the presence of natural habitats on diversity of hemipteran predators in oil palm plantations. Field research was conducted in oil palm plantations located in Pangkalan Bun, Central Kalimantan. The plots were oil palm plantations with different distances from natural habitat i.e. near (less than 200 m), medium (about 2 km) and far (about 5 km). Each plot was selected six trees for fogging using insecticide with active ingredient lamda cyhalothrin. Based on research result, diversity of hemipteran predator in oil palm plantion was found 19 species belong to 2 families. The most dominant hemipteran predator was Sycanus sp., Eocanthecona sp. and Reduviidae sp5. The distance of oil palm plantation from natural habitat did not affect species richness, abundance and composition as well as recolonization of hemipteran predator in oil palm plantation. Abundance of hemipteran predator tend to decrease in different observation time, except Sycanus sp. Sycanus sp was likely has ability to rapidly recolonized and their occurrence were influenced by flowering vegetation in oil palm plantation.

scholarly journals Refugia Ditinjau Dari Konsep Gulma Pengganggu Dan Upaya Konservasi Musuh Alami

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Asyik Nur Allifah AF ◽  
Rosmawati Rosmawati ◽  
Zamrin Jamdin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Exotic Plants ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
Plant Area

Weed is a part of OPT (Plant Disturbing Organism) besides plant pests and diseases. Weeds cause damage slowly, due to competition with cultivated plants to obtain nutrients, water, light, CO2 and growing space. Weeds are harmful and disturbing so humans try to control them. From various aspects of life both health, aesthetics, environment and the field of farming, weeds can interfere with natural habitat and beauty. Weeds are always considered as exotic plants or migrants that are invasive and potentially disrupt the local environment. However, not all weeds play a negative and potentially disturbing role. Weeds are also able to provide a comfortable habitat for the development of natural enemies in the agrosecosystem. Refugia is a weed plant area that can provide shelter, food sources or other resources for natural enemies such as predators and parasitoid. Efforts to conserve natural enemies using refugia are one alternative to controlling plant pest organisms such as pests. Keywords: Refugia, Weeds, Conservation, Natural Enemies

Effect of Iron Limitation on the Ultrastructure of Agmenellum Quadruplicatum

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
L. P. Hardie ◽  
D. L. Balkwill ◽  
S. E. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Iron Limitation ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Blue Green Alga ◽  
Marine Cyanobacterium ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Agmenellum Quadruplicatum

Agmenellum quadruplicatum is a unicellular, non-nitrogen-fixing, marine cyanobacterium (blue-green alga). The ultrastructure of this organism, when grown in the laboratory with all necessary nutrients, has been characterized thoroughly. In contrast, little is known of its ultrastructure in the specific nutrient-limiting conditions typical of its natural habitat. Iron is one of the nutrients likely to limit this organism in such natural environments. It is also of great importance metabolically, being required for both photosynthesis and assimilation of nitrate. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects (if any) of iron limitation on the ultrastructure of A. quadruplicatum. It was part of a broader endeavor to elucidate the ultrastructure of cyanobacteria in natural systemsActively growing cells were placed in a growth medium containing 1% of its usual iron. The cultures were then sampled periodically for 10 days and prepared for thin sectioning TEM to assess the effects of iron limitation.

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